秋露地大白菜高产栽培关键技术

Key Technologies for High-yield Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage in Open Field in Autumn

为了促进秋季露地大白菜优质高效生产,基于北京市“2023年秋露地大白菜高产擂台赛”活动中67个生产主体的生产情况,总结分析了选用丰产、稳产品种是高产的前提,适期播种、育苗移栽是高产的基础,种植密度、成品率和单株质量是产量构成的三要素,水肥管理是获取高产的保障,应用轻简技术是高效生产的关键等高产经验。同时,探讨提出以下几个关键技术点,以期为露地秋白菜生产提供参考,包括冬储型大白菜生产品种可以选择北京新3号、金黄美、2171、乌冬菜和绿油3号;直播生产方式适宜播种日期为8月5—12日,育苗生产方式宜8月下旬移栽定植;大株型品种适宜每667 m^(2)种植3000~3500株、小株型品种适宜每667 m^(2)种植7000株左右。

In order to promote high-quality and efficient production of Chinese cabbage in open field in autumn,based on the production situation of 67 production entities in the‘2023 Autumn Open Field Chinese Cabbage High Yield Challenge’activity in Beijing,the experiences for high yield were summarized and analyzed.The selection of high-yield and stable variety is a prerequisite for high yield.Timely sowing,raising seedling and transplantation are basics for high yield.Planting density,yield rate and individual plant weight are the three elements of yield composition.Management of water and fertilizer is the guarantee for achieving high yield,and the application of light-simplified technologies is the key for efficient production.At the same time,the following key technological points are discussed and proposed in order to provide reference for the production of Chinese cabbage in open fields in autumn,‘Beijingxin No.3’‘Jinhuangmei’‘2171’‘Wudongcai’and‘Lüyou No.3’can be selected for winter storage.The suitable sowing date for direct sowing production method is from August 5th to 12th and the appropriate time for transplanting mothod of seedlings is in late August.Large plant varieties are suitable for planting 3000-3500 plants per 667 m^(2),while small plant varieties are suitable for planting around 7000 plants per 667 m^(2).