薹菜全程机械化生产技术

Whole-process Mechanized Production Technology of Tai-tsai

南方冬闲田薹菜传统种植在整地、撒肥、起垄环节已实现前半程机械化,但在菜苗移栽、田间管理、机械运输等环节仍以人工为主。全程机械化是蔬菜产业的发展方向,经过试验摸索,改原整地撒肥起宽垄机为整地撒肥起窄垄机,采用双行或四行移栽机、无人植保机、四轮驱动运输车等新型农机进行作业,从培育壮苗、整地起垄、移栽、田间管理和采收等环节总结出南方冬闲田薹菜(菜薹、芥菜)全程机械化生产技术。除采收环节外,该技术均采用机械化生产,对缓解农村劳动力短缺、降低劳务成本、提高作业效率、实现规模化生产具有积极意义。

The traditional planting of tai-tsai in winter fallow fields in southern China has been achieved mechanization in the first half of production on soil preparation,fertilizing and ridging,but it is still mainly manual labor in vegetable seedling transplanting,field management and mechanical transportation.Whole-process mechanization is the development direction of vegetable industry.After experiment and exploration,the original machine of soil preparation,fertilizing and wide ridge was changed to the machine of soil preparation,fertilizing and narrow ridge,and new types of agricultural machinery were adopted including two-row or fourrow transplanting machines,unmanned aerial vehicle for plant protection,four-wheel driven transportation vehicles and so on,and whole-process mechanized production technology of tai-tsai(flowering Chinese cabbage and brown mustard)in winter fallow fields in southern China was summarized from the aspects of raising strong seedlings,soil preparation and ridging,transplanting,field management,harvesting and so on.Except for the harvesting link,this technology adopts whole-process mechanization,which has positive significance for alleviating rural labor shortages,reducing labor costs,improving operational efficiency and realizing scale production.