虚拟现实技术在颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入临床教学中的应用

Application of virtual reality technology in clinical teaching of cervical pedicle screw placement

目的:探讨虚拟现实(VR)技术在颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入临床教学中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年9月至2024年2月于北京协和医院骨科实习的20名医学生作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为传统教学组和VR教学组,每组各10名。传统教学组接受常规传统颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入临床教学,VR教学组在VR手术模拟系统上进行颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入模拟训练。通过手术结构辨识、学习效果、椎弓根螺钉置入准确率、椎弓根螺钉置入总时间及住院医师手术操作通用评分表评价教学效果。结果:VR教学组医学生手术结构辨识、课程专注度、学习效率、技能掌握程度、课程评价和教育评价评分均高于传统教学组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。VR教学组椎弓根螺钉置入准确率高于传统教学组,椎弓根螺钉置入总时间短于传统教学组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。VR教学组术前准备、手术动作、器械使用、操作流畅度、基本知识和总体表现评分均高于传统教学组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论:与传统教学方法比较,VR手术模拟系统有助于医学生更好地理解颈椎的解剖知识和掌握置钉技能,值得在临床教学中推广应用。

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of virtual reality(VR)technology in the clinical teaching of cervical pedicle screw placement.Methods:Twenty medical students interning in the Department of Orthopedics of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2023 to February 2024 were enrolled.They were randomly divided into the traditional teaching group and the VR teaching group,with 10 students in each group.The traditional teaching group received conventional teaching,while the VR teaching group underwent simulation training for cervical pedicle screw placement using a VR teaching system.The teaching effectiveness was evaluated through surgical structure identification,learning outcomes,the accuracy of pedicle screw placement,the total time for pedicle screw placement,and the general surgical operation assessment form for residents.Results:The medical students in the VR teaching group scored significantly higher in surgical structure identification,course engagement,learning efficiency,skill acquisition,course evaluation,and educational assessment compared to the traditional teaching group(all P<0.05).Compared to the traditional teaching group,the accuracy of pedicle screw placement was significantly higher in the VR teaching group than in the traditional teaching group,and the total time for pedicle screw placement was significantly shorter in the VR teaching group(both P<0.05).Preoperative preparation,surgical maneuvers,instrument handling,operational fluency,basic knowledge,and overall performance scores were also significantly higher in the VR teaching group compared to the traditional teaching group(all P<0.05).Conclusions:Compared with traditional teaching methods,the VR teaching system helps medical students better understand cervical spine anatomy and master pedicle screw placement skills,making it worthy of promotion and application in clinical teaching.