福建省2012-2022年85159例5岁以下儿童营养状况分析

Analysis of nutritional status of 85159 children under 5 years of age in Fujian Province from 2012 to 2022

目的分析福建省2012—2022年5岁以下儿童营养情况和趋势,为制定适宜、有效的干预措施提供参考依据。方法根据《全国5岁以下儿童营养与健康监测方案》要求,在福建省抽取4个具有代表性的监测区,每个监测区随机抽取4个街道/乡镇,对2012年1月至2022年12月参与监测的85159例儿童营养指标进行分析,对5岁以下儿童的生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率以及超重和肥胖率等指标分别进行单因素分析。结果2012年1月至2022年12月参与监测的儿童生长迟缓率2.04%,低体重率1.09%,消瘦率1.42%,超重和肥胖率5.13%。不同年份之间的低体重、消瘦的发生率不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄段儿童的低体重、生长迟缓的发生率不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中以0~5月龄组的发生率最高,分别为1.35%、3.17%。不同年份之间和不同年龄段儿童之间的超重和肥胖率不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中以0~5月龄组的发生率最高,为7.48%。结论福建省5岁以下儿童整体营养状况良好,低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦均处于低水平,但有回升趋势,需引起关注,加强营养与健康监测以及时发现问题并制定相应干预措施。超重及肥胖的控制不理想,应倡导科学喂养、合理膳食,培养健康饮食行为,促进体育锻炼。0~5月龄婴儿易患各类营养不良疾病,因此要重视该年龄段婴儿的营养。

Objective To analyze the nutritional status and trend of children under 5 years of age in Fujian Province from 2012 to 2022,and to provide reference for formulating appropriate and effective intervention measures.Methods According to the requirements of the National Program for Nutrition and Health Monitoring of Children Under 5 Years of Age,four representative monitoring areas were selected in Fujian Province.Within each monitoring area,four streets/townships were randomly chosen for analysis of the nutritional indicators of 85159 children who participated in the monitoring from January 2012 to December 2022.Single-factor analysis was employed to examine indicators such as the stunting rate,low weight rate,wasting rate,and overweight and obesity rate among children under 5 years old.Results The prevalence of stunting among the monitored children from January 2012 to December 2022 was 2.04%,while the low weight rate was 1.09%,the wasting rate was 1.42%,and the rate of overweight and obesity was 5.13%.The occurrence rates of low body weight and undernutrition varied significantly between different years(P<0.05).The occurrence rates of low body weight and stunted growth varied significantly among children in different age groups(P<0.05),with the highest rates observed in the 0-5 months age group at 1.35%and 3.17%respectively.The prevalence of overweight and obesity varied significantly between different years and among children of different age groups(P<0.05).The highest occurrence rate was observed in the 0-5 months age group at 7.48%.Conclusion Overall,children under 5 years old in Fujian Province have a good nutritional status.Low weight,stunted growth,and thinness are at a low level but show an upward trend,which requires attention.It is necessary to strengthen nutrition and health monitoring to detect problems in a timely manner and develop corresponding intervention measures.The control of overweight and obesity is not ideal,and it is important to promote scientific feeding,a balanced diet,and cultivate healthy eating habits while encouraging physical exercise.Nutritional deficiencies are prevalent among infants aged 0-5 months,underscoring the importance of prioritizing their nutrition during this critical period.