肇庆市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常状况调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and middle school students in Zhaoqing City

目的了解肇庆市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常现状,为防控策略和措施的制订提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,于2022年随机抽取肇庆市8个县(市、区)的46所学校,按学段及地区分层、整群抽取17689名小学到高中各年级的学生进行脊柱弯曲筛查,采用EpiData3.0软件构建数据库,用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计分析,计数资料用频数或率(%)表示,采取卡方检验;不同学段的脊柱弯曲异常变化趋势用趋势卡方检验;检验水准α=0.05。结果2022年肇庆市6~18岁中小学生脊柱弯曲异常检出率为7.72%,其中脊柱侧弯为7.67%,脊柱前后凸为0.05%。小学、初中、高中生脊柱弯曲异常检出率分别为4.60%、9.68%、12.67%,脊柱弯曲异常检出率随着学段的升高而升高(χ^(2)_(趋势)=280.16,P<0.001)。男生和女生异常检出率分别为2.20%、13.48%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=789.11,P<0.001)。城区和郊县异常检出率分别为8.12%、7.43%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.85,P=0.091)。结论肇庆市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常率检出较高,且高中>初中>小学,女性高于男性,以侧弯检出为主,整体形势不容乐观。

Objective To understand the status of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and middle school students in Zhaoqing City,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 46 schools in 8 counties(cities,districts)of Zhaoqing City in 2022.Stratified by school section and region,17689 students from primary school to high school were selected by cluster sampling for abnormal spinal curvature.EpiData3.0 software was used to construct a database,and SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.The counting data were expressed as frequency or rate(%),and chi-square test was used.Trend chi-square test was used to test the change trend of abnormal spinal curvature in different school segments.Test levelα=0.05.Results In 2022,the detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and middle school students aged 6-18 years in Zhaoqing City was 7.72%,of which scoliosis was 7.67%and scoliosis was 0.05%.The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in primary school,middle school and high school students were 4.60%,9.68%and 12.67%,respectively.The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature increased with the increase of school segment(χ^(2)_(trend)=280.16,P<0.001).The abnormal detection rates of boys and girls were 2.20%and 13.48%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=789.11,P<0.001).The abnormal detection rates in urban and suburban counties were 8.12%and 7.43%,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.85,P=0.091).Conclusions The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and middle school students in Zhaoqing City is high,and high school>junior high school>primary school,women are higher than men,mainly with scoliosis detection,and the overall situation is not optimistic.