2016—2022年信阳市学生肺结核流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Xinyang City,2016-2022

目的分析2016—2022年信阳市学生肺结核的流行特征,为今后制订学校结核病防控策略和措施提供参考。方法从“传染病监测系统”和“结核病监测报告管理系统”中导出2016—2022年信阳市学生肺结核报告病例资料,采用描述性流行病学研究方法进行分析。结果2016—2022年信阳市共报告学生肺结核病例1244例,年均报告发病率为15.63/10万,不同年份报告发病率差异有统计学意义(Pearsonχ^(2)=83.965,P<0.01);男女性别发病人数比为1.80∶1;16岁及以上年龄段学生(高中生和大学生)的发病数和发病率均排在前两位;每年3—4月为报告高峰,9—10月为报告次高峰;平均报告发病率最高的县区是光山县。结论学生仍然是信阳市结核病防控的重点人群,提示今后应重点加强新生入学体检、患者主动发现、高中生和大学生健康管理等工作,降低学生结核病发病率。

Objective This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Xinyang City from 2016 to 2022,to provide a reference for the development of future tuberculosis prevention and control strategies and measures in schools.Methods Data for reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Xinyang City from 2016 to 2022 were obtained from the infectious disease monitoring system and the tuberculosis monitoring report management system,and analyzed through descriptive epidemiological research methods.Results A total of 1244 student tuberculosis cases were reported in Xinyang City from 2016 to 2022,and the average annual reported incidence rate was 15.63/100000.Statistically significant differences in the reported incidence rate were observed among different years(Pearsonχ^(2)=83.965,P<0.01).The male to female case ratio was 1.80:1.Students 16 years of age or above(high school students and college students)were ranked in the top two groups in terms of number and incidence;peak reports occurred from March to April every year,and a second peak occurred from September to October.The county with the highest average reported incidence was Guangshan County.Conclusion Students remain the key target population for tuberculosis prevention and control in Xinyang City.Physical examination of first-year students,active detection of disease,and health management of high school and college students should be strengthened in the future to decrease the incidence of tuberculosis among students.