福州市1686名老年人高尿酸血症患病情况及相关因素分析

Analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia among 1686 older adults in Fuzhou City

目的了解福州市城乡居民60岁及以上老年人高尿酸血症(HUA)的患病情况,分析其影响因素,为老年人高尿酸血症的防控提供依据。方法本研究采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,共抽取2个县区1686名60岁及以上的居民通过问卷、体检及实验室检查的形式收集调查研究对象的人口学信息、膳食摄入情况及血清学信息。采用卡方检验比较不同慢性病患者HUA患病率,通过因子分析获得膳食模型,利用多因素非条件logistic回归分析高尿酸血症的影响因素。结果1686名调查对象中共有579名HUA患者,HUA患病率为34.3%,其中,男性为32.9%,女性为35.6%。不同年龄以及是否患有超重肥胖、腹型肥胖、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病的居民HUA患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过因子分析获得4个膳食模型即饮料零食类膳食模式、均衡膳食模式、谷蔬菜膳食模式、酒类畜禽水产膳食模式。单因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示:均衡膳食模式为高尿酸血症的保护因素(Q3∶Q1 OR=0.743,95%CI:0.559~0.998,P=0.041),酒类畜禽水产膳食模式为高尿酸血症的危险因素(Q4∶Q1OR=1.577,95%CI:1.184~2.101,P=0.002)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄增加、超重肥胖、腹型肥胖、高血压、高血脂、酒类畜禽水产膳食模式为高尿酸血症的危险因素(P<0.05),均衡膳食模式为高尿酸血症的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论福州市老年居民高尿酸血症的患病率较高,患有高血压、高血脂、肥胖等慢性疾病的老年人群建议按时服药,定期测量血压、血脂,均衡膳食、保持健康体质,控制饮酒,减少红肉、海产类食品的摄入。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia(HUA)among urban and rural residents aged 60 and above in Fuzhou and analyze the influencing factors to provide a basis for the prevention and control of hyperuricemia in the elderly.Methods Multi-phase stratified cluster random sampling was used to recruit a total of 1686 residents aged 60 years and above.Demographic information,dietary intake,and serological information on the participants were collected through questionnaires,physical examinations,and laboratory tests.The prevalence of HUA among patients with different chronic diseases was compared using the chi square test,a dietary model was developed using factor analysis,and the factors influencing hyperuricemia were analyzed by multivariate unconditional logistic regression.Results There were 579 HUA patients among 1686 participants,with a prevalence of 34.3%,the prevalence in males was 32.9%and that in females was 35.6%.The prevalence of HUA among residents of different ages and the presence of overweight or obesity,abdominal obesity,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and diabetes varied,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Four dietary models were obtained through factor analysis:beverage and snack dietary patterns,balanced dietary patterns,grain and vegetable dietary patterns,and alcohol,livestock,poultry,and aquatic dietary patterns.The results of univariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that a balanced dietary pattern was a protective factor for hyperuricemia(Q3:Q1 OR=0.743,95%CI:0.559-0.998,P=0.041),while an alcohol,livestock,poultry,and aquatic dietary pattern was a risk factor for hyperuricemia(Q4:Q1 OR=1.577,95%CI:1.184-2.101,P=0.002).The results of multiple factor unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that increased age,overweight and obesity,abdominal obesity,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and the dietary pattern of alcohol,livestock,poultry,and aquatic products were risk factors for hyperuricemia(P<0.05),while the balanced dietary pattern was a protective factor for hyperuricemia(P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricemia among elderly residents in Fuzhou was relatively high.Older adults with chronic diseases such as hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and obesity are advised to take medication on time,measure blood pressure and blood lipids regularly,have a balanced diet,maintain a healthy weight,control alcohol consumption,and reduce the intake of red meat and seafood.