文学的世界性能动与经典马克思主义视域中文学的世界性

The Worldwide Agency of Literature and the Literature of the World in Classical Marxism

马克思主义创始人在对全球资本主义的批判中使用了大量的文学作品,但许多在西方早已成为世界文学经典的著作却没有被囊括到经典马克思主义的论述之中。本文结合能动性概念和19世纪西方政治文化语境探讨在经典马克思主义视域中何种特质才能使文学作品走出国族的藩篱,具备探讨各类全球议题的“世界性”。本文认为经典马克思主义论述中涉及的文学著作在阅读与传播过程中,其叙事主题和叙事结构通过与社会主义革命运动相互呼应和相互促进,能动地反思和参与了全球无产阶级共同体、全球无产阶级世界观念和全球无产阶级经济观念的构建。即,参与塑造超越国界的政治、社会和文化话语成为了经典马克思主义甄选“世界性”文学著作的重要着力点。经典马克思主义中展现的关于文学“世界性”的思想为探讨文学批评如何应对全球政治、经济和文化议题,以及如何推动中国文学作品走向世界提供了重要启示。

Marx and Engels’analysis and critique of global capitalism engaged with a vast array of literary works.However,not all the world’s literary classics were encompassed within classical Marxism.This article,combining the political and cultural context of the Western world in the 19th century with the concept of agency,examines the literary criticism found in the various works and writings by Marx and Engels.It aims to explore the focal points of classical Marxism in selecting literary works that have the potential to discuss various issues concerning the world.This article argues that within the perspective of classical Marxism,literary works,in their process of reading,dissemination,and commentary,play an important role in the formation of the global proletarian community,the establishment of a global proletarian worldview,and the construction of a global proletarian economic perspective.The narrative themes and structures of these works interacted with the socialist revolutionary movement,deconstruct capitalist identity politics and ideology,and shape the discourse of proletarian politics,economy,and culture.These are the major reasons why certain literary works are included in the scope of classical Marxist theory,possessing the agency for global dynamism.The Marxist perspective on the worldwide agency of literature not only holds significant implications for exploring how contemporary literary criticism can be used to address global political,economic,and cultural issues,but also provides important insights for facilitating the movement of Chinese literature to the world.