椎间植骨面积对单节段腰椎后路减压椎间植骨融合效果的影响

Effect of intervertebral bone graft area on the effect of single-level posterior lumbar decompression and bone graft fusion

目的:研究椎间植骨面积对单节段腰椎后路减压植骨融合效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月行单节段腰椎后路减压椎弓根内固定+植骨融合术52例患者临床资料。通过电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)对术后1周椎间植骨面积进行测量,依据测量结果中椎间植骨面积/平均终板面积进而得到植骨面积占比分为3组:椎间植骨面积不超过一侧椎弓根区域为A组17例,男9例,女8例,年龄(56.0±11.5)岁;椎间植骨面积超过一侧椎弓根但未达到对侧椎弓根为B组15例,男10例,女5例,年龄(52.0±14.0)岁;椎间植骨面积超过对侧椎弓根为C组20例,男12例,女8例,年龄(49.5±12.8)岁。术后3、6、12个月及末次随访均行X线及CT检查,记录每次随访时椎间融合Brantigan评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)与Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)。结果:3组性别、年龄、手术节段比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前VAS与ODI,3组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者获得随访,时间12~36个月。与术前比较,3组术后1周、末次随访时VAS、ODI均显著改善(P<0.05)。与术前比较,3组术后1周椎间隙高度均有所恢复;末次随访时,B、C两组椎间隙高度丢失量较少,两组椎间隙高度明显高于A组(P<0.05)。术后3、6个月,C组改良Brantigan评分明显高于A、B组(P<0.05);术后12个月,B、C组改良Brantigan评分明显高于A组(P<0.05);末次随访时,3组改良Brantigan评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,C组植骨融合率明显高于A、B两组(P<0.05);术后6、12个月,B、C组植骨融合率明显高于A组(P<0.05);末次随访时,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:单节段后路腰椎减压椎间植骨融合手术可显著改善患有腰椎退行性相关疾病患者的临床症状,但随着植骨面积的占比增加,患者早期植骨融合率及融合评分均明显提高。

Objective To study the effect of intervertebral grafting area on the effect of single segment lumbar posterior decompression and intervertebral bone grafting fusion.Methods The clinical data of 52 patients who underwent single-segment lumbar posterior decompression pedicle internal fixation and bone grafting fusion from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospective reviewed.The area of the intervertebral bone graft was measured one week postoperatively using Computed Tomography(CT),and based on the ratio of the bone graft area to the average area of the endplates,the patients were divided into three groups:17 cases in group A(the intervertebral bone graft area did not exceed the area of one pedicle)included 9 males and 8 females with an average age of(56.0±11.5)years old;15 cases in group B(the intervertebral bone graft area exceeded one pedicle but did not reach the opposite pedicle)included 10 males and 5 females with an average of(52.0±14.0)years old;20 cases in group C(the intervertebral bone graft area exceeded the opposite pedicle)included 12 males and 8 females with an average of(49.5±12.8)years old.X-rays and CT scans were performed at 3,6,12 months,and the final follow-up postoperatively,the interbody fusion Brantigan scores,pain visual analogue scale(VAS),and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)at each follow-up were recorded.Results The gender,age,and surgical segments showed no significant differences among three groups(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the preoperative VAS and ODI among three groups(P>0.05).All patients of three groups were followed up from 12 to 36 months.Compared with preoperative,VAS and ODI scores of three groups showed significant improvement at 1 week postoperatively and the final follow-up(P<0.05).Compared with preoperative measurements,the height of the intervertebral space was restored at 1 week postoperatively in three groups;at the final follow-up,the loss of height in the intervertebral space was less in groups B and C,and the height of the intervertebral space in group B and C was significantly higher than in group A(P<0.05).The modified Brantigan scores at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B(P<0.05);at 12 months postoperatively,the scores in groups B and C were significantly higher than in group A(P<0.05);however,at the final follow-up,there was no significant difference in the modified Brantigan scores among three groups(P>0.05).The bone graft fusion rate in group C was significantly higher than in groups A and B at 3 months postoperatively(P<0.05);at 6 and 12 months postoperatively,the fusion rates in groups B and C were significantly higher than in group A(P<0.05);at the final follow-up,the fusion rate in group A was still lower than in groups B and C,but the difference among three groups was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Single segment posterior lumbar decompression and interbody fusion surgery can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with lumbar degenerative related diseases.However,as the proportion of bone grafting area increases,the early bone grafting fusion rate and fusion score of patients are significantly improved.