大转子后半截骨入路与标准Kocher-Langenbeck入路治疗髋臼后壁骨折的疗效比较

Comparison of the posterior hemipelvectomy of the greater trochanter approach with the standard Kocher-Langenbeck approach in the treatment of posterior acetabulum wall fractures

目的:比较大转子后半截骨入路与标准Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路治疗髋臼后壁骨折的临床疗效,探讨治疗髋臼后壁骨折的更优入路。方法:回顾性分析自2019年1月至2021年6月收治的47例髋臼后壁骨折患者,根据手术方法分为大转子后半截骨组(试验组)及标准K-L入路组(对照组)。试验组24例,男16例,女8例,年龄(42.00±4.52)岁,受伤至手术时间(6.75±1.15)d。对照组23例,男16例,女7例,年龄(41.00±5.82)岁;受伤至手术时间(7.09±1.20)d。观察比较两组患者住院总时间、手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、骨折复位质量(Matta标准)、髋关节外展肌力、髋关节功能(Merle d'Aubigne-Postel评分)、术后两组并发症及异位骨化发生率。结果:所有患者获得6个月随访,两组手术切口长度、术中出血量、术后引流量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但试验组手术时间较对照组更短(P<0.05)。两组术后6个月骨折复位质量、髋关节功能评价差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组髋关节外展肌力优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率、异位骨化发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相比于标准K-L入路法,大转子后半截骨入路可缩短手术时间,对术后髋关节外展肌力恢复更好,术中对涉及髋臼后壁较为粉碎的骨折或臼顶骨折暴露视野更加,提高骨折解剖复位率,为临床治疗髋臼后壁骨折提供新的思路令另患者可早期行功能锻炼。

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of the posterior hemipelvectomy of the greater trochanter approach with the standard Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)approach in the treatment of posterior acetabulum wall fractures and to explore a more optimal approach for the treatment of posterior acetabulum wall fractures.Methods Total of 26 patients with posterior acetabulum wall fractures were retrospectively analysed and divided into two groups:the posterior hemipelvectomy of the greater trochanter group(test group)and the standard K-L approach group(control group).In the test group,there were 24 patients including 16 males and 8 females with an average age of(42.00±4.52)years old,the time of injury to surgery was(6.75±1.15)d.In the control group,there were 23 patients including 16 males and 7 females with an average age of(41.00±5.82)years old,the time of injury to surgery was(7.09±1.20)days.The total hospital stay,length of incision,operation time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative drainage,discharge,fracture reduction quality(Matta criteria),hip abduction muscle strength,hip function(Merle d'Aubigne-Postel score),postoperative complications and the incidence of ectopic ossification were compared.Results All cases were followed up for 6 months.There was no significant difference in incision length,intraoperative bleeding and postoperative drainage between two groups(P>0.05).However,the operation time of the test group was shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in fracture reduction and hip function between two groups(P>0.05).The hip abduction muscle strength of test group was better than that of control group(P<0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications and heterotopic ossification between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with the standard K-L approach,the posterior hemipelvectomy of the greater trochanter approach can shorten the operative time,has better recovery of the postoperative hip abduction muscle strength,exposes the view of the fracture involving the more comminuted posterior acetabulum wall or the fracture of the roof of the socket,improved the rate of fracture anatomical repositioning,provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of posterior acetabulum wall fractures,and allows patients to perform functional exercises at an early stage.