腰椎管狭窄症马尾神经冗余征发生的相关影响因素研究

Study on related influencing factors on the occurrence of redundant sign in the cauda equina in lumbar spinal stenosis

目的:探讨腰椎管狭窄症马尾神经冗余征形成的相关影响因素。方法:回顾分析2016年1月至2019年6月收治的腰椎管狭窄症患者116例,根据是否发生马尾神经冗余征(redundant nerve roots,RNRs),分为冗余组和非冗余组,其中非冗余组74例,男38例,女36例,年龄(62.00±10.41)岁,身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)为(23.09±2.22) kg·m^(-2);最大狭窄节段分别为L_(2)-L_(3)12例,L_(3)-L_(4)38例,L_(4)-L_(5)20例,L_(5)-S_(1)4例。冗余组42例,男18例,女24例,年龄(63.36±8.73)岁,BMI为(22.63±2.60) kg·m^(-2);最大狭窄节段分别为L2-L33例,L3-L49例,L4-L527例,L5-S14例。仰卧位行MRI检查,观察矢状位马尾神经的走形以及形态。分析比较术前腰腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI);比较两组患者发生腰椎滑脱及黄霞韧带肥厚发生率;同时测量最狭窄处椎间隙高度,椎间孔高度,椎间隙高度+椎体高度,椎间隙层面正中矢状径,椎体层面正中矢状径以及狭窄节段活动度(range of motion,ROM)。结果:116例腰椎管狭窄症患者,其中42例患者发生RNRs,发生率为36.2%。两组性别、年龄、BMI、术前腰腿痛VAS及ODI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组症状持续时间、腰椎滑脱率以及黄韧带肥厚发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度、椎间隙高度+椎体高度、椎间隙层面正中矢状径、ROM比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组椎体层面正中矢状径比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度、椎间隙高度+椎体高度、椎间隙层面正中矢状径是腰椎管狭窄症马尾神经冗余征形成的关键因素。

Objective To analyze the relational factors influencing the formation of cauda equina redundant nerve roots(RNRs)of the lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods Clinical data of 116 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis treated from January 2016 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into redundant nerve roots(RNRs)group and non-RNRs group based on the presence or absence of RNRs on sagittal T2-weighted MRI.In the non-RNRs group,there were 74 patients,including 38 males and 36 females with an average age of(62.00±10.41)years old,the body mass index(BMI)was(23.09±2.22)kg·m^(-2);the maximum stenosis segment was L_(2)-L_(3) in 12 cases,L_(3)-L_(4) in 38,L_(4)-L_(5) in 20,and L_(5)S_(1) in 4,respectively.In the RNRs group,there were 42 patients,including 18 males and 24 females with an average age of(63.36±8.73)years old,the BMI was(22.63±2.60)kg·m^(-2);the maximum stenosis segment was L_(2)-L_(3) in 3 cases,L_(3)-L_(4) in 9,L_(4)-L_(5) in 27 and L_(5)S_(1) in 3,respectively.MRI was performed in the supine position to observe the conshape and morphology of the redundant nerve in the sagittal position.The preoperative low back and leg pain visual analogue scale(VAS),and preoperative Oswestry disability index(ODI)were analyzed,and the rate of spondylolisthesis and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy were compared.Simultaneously,the inter-vertebral height,intervertebral foramen height,inter-vertebral height+vertebral height,median sagittal diameter at the inter-vertebral space level(DIW-MSD),median sagittal diameter at the pedicel level(DV-MSD),range of motion(ROM)of the stenotic segment were measured and analyzed.Results Among the 116 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis,42 patients developed RNRs,with an incidence of 36.2%.There were no significant differences in gender,age,BMI,preoperative VAS for lumbar and leg pain and ODI between two groups(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences regard to the duration of symptoms and the rate of spondylolisthesis and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy(P<0.05);the inter-vertebral height,intervertebral foramen height,inter-vertebral height+vertebral height,DIW-MSD,ROM of the stenotic segment were also significantly different between two groups(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in DV-MSD between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The inter-vertebral height,inter-vertebral foramen height,inter-vertebral height+vertebral height,DIW-MSD and ROM of the stenotic segment were the crucial factors related to RNRs in lumbar spinal stenosis.