细菌素的研究与应用进展

Progress in research and application of bacteriocins

细菌素是细菌在代谢过程中产生的一类具有抑菌作用的蛋白质类或多肽类物质,能够抑制大部分革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性细菌的生长以及繁殖,具有无毒、易被各种酶水解、不易产生耐药性、稳定性强等良好的生物学特性,可以应用在食品储藏、医药、动物养殖等多方面,具有代替化学防腐剂的能力和缓解抗生素耐药性的潜力。文章对细菌素的研究现状、类别、与抗生素的区别、抑菌机制、生物合成机制、发酵菌株、生产方法以及在食品、医药、动物养殖业等方面的应用现状进行综述,总结出细菌素发展过程中出现的一系列问题,例如产量低、作用效果不佳、稳定性易受影响等,并针对这些问题提出了可能的解决方法,为细菌素的开发利用提供帮助。

Bacteriotin is a class of protein or peptide substances with antibacterial effect produced by bacteria in the metabolic process,which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of most gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.It has good biological characteristics such as non-toxic,easy to be hydrolyzed by various enzymes,easy to produce drug resistance,and strong stability.It can be used in food storage,medicine,animal breeding and other aspects,and has the ability to replace chemical preservatives and the potential to alleviate antibiotic resistance.This paper reviewed the research status of bacteriocins,their categories,differences from antibiotics,antibacterial mechanism,biosynthesis mechanism,fermentation strains,production methods,and application status in food,medicine,animal breeding and other aspects,and summarized a series of problems in the development process of bacteriocins,such as low yield,poor effect,and vulnerable stability.At the same time,the possible solutions to these problems were proposed to provide help for the development and utilization of bacteriocins.