呕吐毒素对畜禽的危害及其脱毒方法的研究进展

Researchs progress of deoxynivalenol detoxification methodsand hazard of it on livestock

呕吐毒素(DON)是目前粮食作物及饲料原料中广泛存在、污染率相对较高的一种霉菌毒素,以小麦、大麦及玉米等谷物中最为常见。国际癌症研究机构将DON定为三级致癌物。DON对动物的消化系统、生殖系统及神经系统等都会造成一定毒害作用,进而危害畜禽及人类自身健康。近年来,关于DON的物理法、化学法及生物法等各种脱毒方法的研究也在不断发展与推进。不同的脱毒方法其优劣势也有所差异,物理法及化学法相对简便易行,但对饲料原料的质量影响较大;生物法更为安全可靠,是未来的主流研究方向,但目前因其成本较高且脱毒效果稳定性较差,整体推广程度也相对较低。本文概述了DON对不同畜禽及其器官、组织等的危害,同时对DON的相关脱毒及降解方法进行了总结和分析,为畜禽养殖及饲料的呕吐毒素防控提供参考。

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a mycotoxins that is widely present and has a relatively high pollution rate in food crops and feed materials,most commonly found in grains such as wheat,barley and corn.The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified DON as a tertiary carcinogen.In recent years,research on detoxification methods for DON,including physical,chemical and biological methods,has also been continuously developed and promoted.The advantages and disadvantages of different detoxification methods also vary,physical and chemical methods are relatively simple and feasible,but they have a significant impact on the quality of feed raw materials;Biological methods are safer and more reliable,they are the mainstream research direction in the future.However,due to their high cost and poor stability in detoxification effects,the overall promotion level is also relatively low.This article outlined the harm of DON to different livestock,their organs,tissues,etc,at the same time,the relevant detoxification and degradation methods of DON were summarized and analyzed,aimed to provides reference for the prevention and control of DON in livestock and poultry breeding and feed.