链式城镇化:中国乡城流动家庭的居住模式

Chain Urbanization:Living Arrangements of Ruralurban Migrant Families in China

基于2016年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS2016)数据,研究乡城流动家庭核心家庭成员的空间分布及其住房的区位和权属情况。研究发现,乡城流动家庭形成了流入地团聚购房型、流入地团聚租房型、城-乡分布型和城-镇分布型等多元化居住模式;人力资本更高、家庭资源更充裕以及需要承担婚房责任的乡城流动家庭更有可能在流入地城市或户籍地城镇购房,流入超大城市以及户籍地经济社会发展水平更高的乡城流动家庭更倾向于在户籍地城镇购房;乡城流动家庭在现实约束下通过家庭成员、住房等要素在不同空间的配置实现家庭整体利益优化,在城乡之间形成了进退有据的链式城镇化现象。由此可见,中国的城镇化是多阶段、阶梯式的,需要通过家庭接力的方式逐步实现家庭团聚型的城镇化和市民化。

Based on the 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS2016),this study examines the spatial distribution patterns of core family members and housing location choices of ruralurban migrant families.Migrant families have formed diversified living arrangements such as family reunification with homeownership in the destination city,family reunification without homeownership in the destination city,urbanrural split and urbantown split living arrangements.Those with higher human capital,richer family resources and an urge for a marital home are more likely to purchase housing in either the destination city or the hukou registered hometown town or city.Migrant families in super megacities and those with a higher level of economic development in their hukou registered place are more likely to seek housing opportunities in their hukou registered hometown town or city.Under the constraints of reality,migrant families optimize collective familial benefits by allocating resources,such as family members and housing,across diverse spatial domains.This strategy facilitates the urbanization of migrants into cities while also offering them the option to return to their rural hometowns.This implies a multistage and stepwise chain urbanization process,which requires a family relay to achieve family reunification and citizenization.