不同类型化学封顶剂对南疆棉花生长及棉铃时空分布的影响

Effects of different types of chemical capping agents on cotton growth and spatial and temporal distribution of cotton bolls in southern Xinjiang

【目的】研究不同类型化学封顶剂对南疆棉花农艺及棉铃时空分布的影响,分析化学封顶替代人工打顶的可行性,旨在为棉花化学封顶技术示范与推广提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】于2020年~2021年在新疆图木舒克市第三师农业科学研究所试验地开展田间试验,以人工打顶为对照,采用完全随机设计,研究主要成分为氟节胺的土优塔药剂和主要成分为缩节胺的自封鼎药剂对棉花农艺及棉铃时空分布的影响。【结果】土优塔处理的棉株在施药20~30 d后顶尖停止生长,自封鼎的棉株在施药15~20 d后顶尖停止生长,最终均达到封顶的效果;单株总铃数土优塔>自封鼎>人工打顶,其中土优塔较人工打顶多1.74个,自封鼎与人工打顶无显著差异,土优塔对秋桃有提增效应,自封鼎对伏桃有提增效应,同时两种药剂处理均能提升棉株上部载铃量;土优塔的产量相较于人工打顶显著增加11.5%,自封鼎产量与人工打顶无显著差异。【结论】通过喷施土优塔和自封鼎均能达到封顶效果,但土优塔的增产效果比自封鼎好,可作为南疆小海子垦区化学封顶的适宜药剂。

【Objective】The effects of different types of chemical capping agents on the agronomy and spatio-temporal distribution of cotton bolls in southern Xinjiang were studied,and the feasibility of chemical capping instead of manual capping was analyzed,with the aim of providing theoretical basis and technical reference for the demonstration and promotion of cotton chemical capping technology.【Method】In 2020,a field experiment was conducted at the experimental site of the Third Division Agricultural Science Research Institute in Tumushuke City,Xinjiang,using artificial topping as a control and using a completely random design.The effects of Tuyouta agent with flumetreamine and Zifengding agent with cyclophenin as the main component on the cotton agronomic and spatio-temporal distribution of cotton bolls were studied.【Result】The cotton plants treated with Tuyouta stopped growing at the top after 20~30 days of application,and the top of the cotton plants treated with Zifengding stopped growing after 15~20 days of application,and finally achieved the effect of capping;the total number of bolls was Tuyouta>Zifengding>artificial topping,among which,Tuyouta had 1.74 more than artificial topping,and there was no significant difference between Zifengding and artificial topping,Tuyouta had an increasing effect on autumn boll,and Zifengding had an increasing effect on summer boll,and both pharmaceutical treatments could increase the amount of boll load on the upper part of the cotton plant;Compared with manual topping,the output of Tuyouta increased by 11.5%,and there was no significant difference between the output of Zifengding and manual topping.【Conclusion】The capping effect can be achieved by Tuyouta and Zifengding,but the yield enhancement effect of Tuyouta is better than that of Zifengding,and can be used as a suitable agent for chemical capping in the Xiaohaizi Reclamation Area in southern Xinjiang.