自然人破产程序中的居住权问题审视与规范建议

Examination and Regulation on the Right of Residence in Natural Person Bankruptcy Proceedings

居住权作为《民法典》中新出现的用益物权类型,现有相关配套规定尚不够具体和明晰,而且由于自身用益物权之特性,在破产程序中对债权的公平清偿和价值实现有一定影响。随着自然人破产制度的逐步推行,居住权与各类破产债权的冲突问题将更加凸显,妥善平衡债务人、债权人以及居住权人的利益是解决问题的关键。首先要明确居住权在破产程序中的存在形式和冲突类型,明确债权人、债务人和居住权人的诉求,通过完善居住权主体、客体的相关规定,丰富居住权概念,将社会性居住权和投资性居住权区分规定,多方充分协商,灵活处理不同类型居住权,力求最终实现居住权基本生活保障功能与破产法公平清偿目标的平衡。

As a new type of usufructuary right in the Civil Code,the right of residence is not adequately specific and clear in the existing relevant supporting regulations,and due to the characteristics of usufructuary right,it affects the fair settlement and value realization of creditor’s rights in bankruptcy proceedings.With the gradual implementation of the natural person bankruptcy system,the conflict between the right of residence and various bankruptcy claims will become more prominent.Properly balancing the interests of debtors,creditors and residents is the key to solving the issue.Firstly,it is necessary to clarify the existence form and conflict type of the right of residence in bankruptcy proceedings and clarify the demands of creditors,debtors,and residents.It is advisable to enrich the concept of the right of residence by improving the relevant provisions of its subject and object and to distinguish between social and investment residence rights.By fully negotiating with multiple parties and flexibly handling different types of residential rights,we ultimately strive to balance the basic living security function of residential rights and the fair settlement of bankruptcy law.