重整的衡平法根源及其启示

Equity Roots of Reorganization and Their Implications

破产法立基于成文法传统,而重整法诞生于衡平法实践,并通过成文化成为现代破产法的核心组成部分,引领着世界范围内破产法进化的潮流。较之于成文法,衡平法更强调和鼓励法官在成文规范之外,基于自身的良知和对公平正义的把握做出裁判,体现出较强的灵活性和生命力。重整法的产生以及成文化过程,核心驱动力都是衡平司法的理念。因此,重整司法权行使天然具有衡平法的基因,缺乏衡平法理念的重整司法注定左支右绌。重整司法权构造,既需要成文法尽可能周延完备,更需要在重整司法权行使过程中弘扬衡平法的理念,更为灵活地应对重整实践中的具体问题。从制衡角度,需要在重整程序中强化当事人意思自治约束和上诉约束。

Bankruptcy law is based on the tradition of statutory law,while reorganization law emerged from the practice of equity law and has become a core component of modern bankruptcy law through codification,leading the trend of bankruptcy law evolution worldwide.Compared with statutory law,equity law emphasizes and encourages judges to make judgments based on their conscience,grasp of fairness and justice,and written norms,demonstrating strong flexibility and vitality.The core driving force behind the emergence and codification of reorganization law is the concept of equity law.Therefore,judicial power in reorganization naturally has the gene of equity law,and reorganization judicial power lacking the concept of equity law is bound to be stuck in a dilemma.The construction of judicial power in reorganization requires comprehensive and complete statutory law and the promotion of the concept of equity justice in exercising judicial power and a more flexible response to specific problems in reorganization practice.From the perspective of checks and balances,it is necessary to strengthen the constraints of party autonomy and appeal in the reorganization procedure.