马克思劳动正义思想的三重视域与现实关照——基于《1857—1858年经济学手稿》的分析

The Triple Vision and Contemporary Practice of Marx’s Labor Justice Thought:Based on the Analysis of the Economic Manuscript of 1857-1858

劳动正义是马克思正义思想的内核与实质。在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中,马克思基于三种视域对劳动正义进行了阐释。在事实视域下,马克思以生产劳动为靶,揭示了资本主义以物质利益为“正义需要”,钳制劳动发展与抹杀正义诉求的社会现实;在价值视域下,马克思从本体论出发,对劳动这种体现人的本质的生命活动进行了哲学反思与价值考量;在实践视域下,马克思立足历史发展的必然趋势,对如何在历史进程中实现劳动正义进行了现实层面上的探讨。不同视域的研究体现了马克思的劳动正义思想是一个兼具科学性和价值性的逻辑严整的有机整体。马克思的劳动正义思想是当代中国推进劳动正义实践的重要思想来源。在这一思想的指导下,我国的劳动正义实践取得了重大成就,但与此同时,我国又面临着新的发展隐忧,因此必须积极探索走出困境的基本路径,实现新时代中国特色社会主义劳动正义的深层次发展。

Labor justice is the core and essence of Marx’s thought of justice.In the Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858,Marx elaborated on labor justice from three perspectives.From the standpoint of facts,Marx targeted productive labor and revealed the social reality of capitalism,which regards material interests as the"need for justice"and restricts the development of labor while erasing the demand for justice.From the value perspective,Marx started from ontology and conducted philosophical reflection and value consideration on labor,which reflects the essence of human life.From a practical perspective,Marx based himself on the inevitable trend of historical development and explored how to achieve labor justice in the historical process on a practical level.The above studies from different perspectives show that Marx’s thought of labor justice is an organic whole with both scientific nature and value.Marx’s thought on labor justice is an essential ideological source for promoting the practice of labor justice in contemporary China.Under the guidance of this thought,China’s labor justice practice has made remarkable achievements.However,at the same time,China is facing new developmental concerns,so it is necessary to actively explore the basic path out of the predicament and achieve the deep-level development of socialist labor justice with Chinese characteristics in the new era.