共产国际“下层统一战线”策略在中国的推行与调整(1928—1937)

The Implementation and Adjustment of the Lower United Front Strategy of the Comintern in China(1928—1937)

1928年7月,共产国际六大提出“下层统一战线”策略,其目的是为了争取工人阶级的大多数,要求各国共产党团结黄色工会的下层群众,对黄色工会的上层应采取敌对态度。共产国际认为推行“下层统一战线”策略是向全世界资产阶级发起总攻的前奏,因此非常重视,要求各国共产党坚决执行这一策略。但是,中国并不存在推行“下层统一战线”策略的社会条件。遵义会议前,“下层统一战线”策略在中国的推行呈现出多变与脱节的特点;遵义会议后,中共结合中国革命实际逐步调整了这一策略。这是中国共产党开启独立自主解决中国革命实际问题新阶段的表现,也是党的统战思想、统战理论取得突破性发展的体现。

In July 1928, to win over workers, the Comintern launched the lower united front strategy,which means uniting the substratum of the Yellow Union and opposing it's superstratum. However, the conditions for implementing this strategy did not exist in China.Before the Zunyi Conference, the implementation of the lower United front strategy in China was changeable and disjointed;After Zunyi meeting, this strategy was adjusted. This reflects the independence of the CPC and the development of its United front theory.