大豆玉米带状复合种植对农户生产效率的影响——基于黄淮海和西南种植区的实证分析

The impact of Maize-Soybean strip intercropping onfarmers’ production efficiency:Empirical analysis based on the Huang-Huai-Hai and Southwest planting areas

【目的】大豆玉米带状复合种植是破解耕地资源约束、解决大豆玉米争地矛盾的重要途径,本文探讨大豆玉米带状复合种植(以下简称带状复合种植)对生产效率的影响,以期为带状复合种植技术的实践效果提供调研经验与实证依据。【方法】本文基于黄淮海(山东省、河南省)以及西南(四川省、云南省)大豆玉米带状复合种植区调查数据,通过随机前沿生产函数(SFA)和内生转换模型(ESR),定量测算了带状复合种植对生产效率的影响。【结果】①带状复合种植技术的实施可以有效提高农业生产效率;②带状复合种植对农业生产效率的提升作用随大豆与玉米的行比降低而减弱,在规模经营户和西南种植区中,带状复合种植技术对生产效率的促进作用更高;③带状复合种植通过“玉米不减产、多收一季豆”促进总产出增长,并带来化肥施用投入减少,、劳动力及机械外包服务增加的要素配置变化;④参与带状复合种植显著影响同村内邻近农户的生产效率,即带状复合种植在村域尺度存在显著的空间溢出效应。【结论】应从建立财政补贴体系、提供科学技术导向、做好农资保供和农业生产服务供给、发挥示范效应等多个角度出发,扎实推进大豆玉米带状复合种植,在有限的耕地资源约束下提升生产效率。

[Objective]Soybean-corn strip intercropping is an important way to solve the conflict between corn and soybean plantings for land and maintain national food security.This study aimed to examine the impact of strip intercropping on production efficiency and its mechanism,to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the yield-enhancing effect of strip intercropping technology.[Methods]This study was based on the survey data from the soybean and corn strip intercropping areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai(Shandong and Henan Provinces)and southwest(Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces)regions.The impact of strip intercropping on production efficiency was quantitatively calculated using the stochastic frontier production function(SFA)and endogenous transformation model(ESR).[Results](1)The implementation of strip intercropping technology had a significant negative impact on the value of production efficiency loss,indicating that strip intercropping significantly improved agricultural production efficiency.(2)In the higher row ratio areas,southwestern planting areas,and among large-scale operators,the strip intercropping technology had a higher effect in promoting production efficiency.(3)Strip intercropping promotes total output growth by maintaining corn yields while achieving an extra harvest of beans,and it reduces fertilizer inputs and increases labor and machinery outsourcing services,inducing factor allocation changes.(4)Participation in strip intercropping significantly affected the production efficiency of neighboring farmers in the same village,that is,there was a significant spatial spillover effect of strip intercropping at the village scale.[Conclusion]Starting from establishing a fiscal subsidy system,providing scientific and technological guidance,ensuring the supply of agricultural inputs and agricultural production services,and leveraging demonstration effects,we can promote the strip intercropping of soybean and corn,and improve production efficiency under the constraints of limited water and soil resources.