练习陈式太极拳伴膝关节疼痛的生物力学分析

Biomechanical Analysis of Practicing Chen-Style Tai Chi with Knee Pain

陈式太极拳练习者在练习中期或后期出现膝关节疼痛的现象不容忽视,本研究选取12名陈式太极拳练习者,其中6名为膝关节疼痛的练习者,6名为健康的练习者,采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统记录12名练习者“懒扎衣”动作的动力学和运动学数据,比较两组练习者在各阶段的动作特征,为提高练习者技术动作的准确性与规范性及规避运动损伤提供参考。结果显示:(1)与对照组膝关节角度变化相比,疼痛组支撑腿在P1~P3阶段表现为膝关节内收(P<0.05);支撑腿在P1、P2阶段外旋更小(P<0.05);迈步腿在P1~P3阶段外旋更小(P<0.01)。(2)与对照组相比,疼痛组在P1~P3阶段表现为脊柱的屈曲(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,疼痛组的支撑腿在P1、P2两个阶段和迈步腿的P2、P3阶段屈曲力矩更小(P<0.05);支撑腿在P1~P3阶段与迈步腿的P2、P3阶段外展力矩更小(P<0.05);支撑腿在P1阶段表现出比对照组外旋力矩更小(P<0.05)。结论:1.疼痛组支撑腿的膝关节角度持续处于内收状态,整个运动过程中未观察到明显变化,这将使膝关节处于不稳定状态,增加了关节周围软组织和结构的负担,从而引发膝关节损伤。2.疼痛组更小的外旋角度使得膝关节的松弛性较低且需要承受屈曲与内旋的双重负荷,进一步增加了膝关节损伤的潜在风险。3.疼痛组不能较好的利用躯干的伸展来减轻身体重心下降时施加在下肢的负荷,而身体在整个运动过程中的前屈将会使得其膝关节负荷增加,从而造成损伤。4.疼痛组在运动过程中承受膝内收力矩的做功,增加了膝关节内侧室的负荷,使损伤风险增加。

In this study,12 Chen-style Taijiquan practitioners,including 6 practitioners with knee pain and 6 healthy practitioners,were selected to record the kinetic and kinematic data of the 12 practitioners'"lazy clothes"movements by using the Vicon 3D motion capture system,and compared the action characteristics of the two groups of practitioners at each stage,so as to provide a reference for improving the accuracy and standardization of the practitioners'technical movements and avoiding sports injuries.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the change of knee joint angle in the control group,the knee adduction of the supporting leg in the pain group was in the P1~P3 stage(P<0.05),the external rotation of the supporting leg was smaller in the P1 and P2 stages(P<0.05),and the external rotation of the striding leg was smaller in the P1~P3 stage(P<0.01).(2)Compared with the control group,the pain group showed spinal flexion in the P1~P3 stage(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,the flexion moment of the supporting leg in the pain group was smaller in the P1 and P2 stages and the P2 and P3 stages of the striding leg(P<0.05),the abduction moment of the supporting leg in the P2 and P3 stages of the supporting leg and the striding leg was smaller(P<0.05)in the P1~P3 stage,and the external rotation moment of the supporting leg was smaller than that in the control group in the P1 stage(P<0.05).Conclusion:1.The knee joint angle of the supporting leg in the pain group continued to be adducted,and no obvious changes were observed during the whole exercise,which will make the knee joint in an unstable state,increase the burden on the soft tissues and structures around the joint,and thus cause knee joint injury.2.The smaller angle of external rotation in the pain group makes the knee joint less laxity and needs to bear the double load of flexion and internal rotation,which further increases the potential risk of knee injury.3.The pain group can not make good use of the stretching of the trunk to reduce the load on the lower limbs when the center of gravity of the body drops,and the forward bending of the body during the whole movement will increase the load on the knee joint,resulting in injury.4.The pain group bears the work of knee adduction moment during exercise,which increases the load on the medial chamber of the knee joint and increases the risk of injury.