肥胖合并重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的心率变异性分析

Heart rate variability in obese patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

目的探讨肥胖合并重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者的心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)特征。方法回顾性分析2018年4月至2022年5月在西安交通大学第二附属医院行多导睡眠(polysomnography,PSG)监测确诊为重度OSAHS的78例患者,根据身体质量(body mass index,BMI)将患者分为肥胖并重度OSAHS组(n=43)和非肥胖并重度OSAHS组(n=35)。所有患者行PSG监测同时接受24 h动态心电图监测,进行HRV指标的组间差异分析及与临床指标的相关性分析。结果基础指标及PSG指标分析结果显示,与非肥胖并重度OSAHS组相比,肥胖并重度OSAHS组体质量、BMI、颈围、腰围、呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)显著升高。组间HRV分析结果显示,与非肥胖并重度OSAHS组相比,肥胖并重度OSAHS组的24 h正常R-R间期标准差(standard deviation of R-R interval,SDNN)、5 min R-R间期均值标准差(standard deviation of the averages of 5-minute R-R intervals,SDANN)、三角指数(triangle index,TI)、心率减速力(deceleration capacity of heart rate,DC)、清醒期SDNN及睡眠高频功率明显降低(P<0.05)。相关性结果显示肥胖并重度OSAHS患者中相邻R-R间期差值均方根(root mean square of the difference of adjacent R-R interval,rMSSD)与高血压病程呈负相关,TI、DC与AHI呈负相关。经校正颈围和腰围后的线性回归分析显示SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD与收缩压相关(P<0.05)。结论肥胖并重度OSAHS患者存在HRV指标下降,自主神经功能受到损害,心血管疾病的发生风险增加。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of heart rate variability(HRV)in obese patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods We retrospectively analyzed 78 patients with severe OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography(PSG)in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from April 2018 to May 2022.According to body mass index(BMI),the patients were divided into obese with severe OSAHS group(43 cases)and non-obese with severe OSAHS group(35 cases).All patients received 24-hour Holter monitoring while on polysomnography monitoring.The differences in HRV indexes between the groups and the correlation between HRV and clinical indicators were analyzed.Results In terms of basic data and PSG indexes,the analysis results showed that compared with those in the non-obese OSAHS group,weight,BMI,neck circumference,waist circumference,and AHI in obese with severe OSAHS group were significantly higher,while the standard deviation of the 24-hour normal R-R interval(SDNN),the standard deviation of the 5-minute mean(SDANN),the triangle index(TI),the heart rate deceleration force(DC),the standard deviation of the normal R-R interval(awake SDNN),and high frequency during sleep in the obese with severe OSAHS group were significantly lower(P<0.05).The correlation results showed that among obese with severe OSAHS patients,root mean square of the difference of adjacent R-R interval(rMSSD)was negatively correlated with the course of hypertension;TI and DC were negatively correlated with AHI.After adjusting for neck circumference and waist circumference,the linear regression analysis showed that SDNN,SDANN,and rMSSD were correlated with systolic blood pressure(P<0.05).Conclusion There is significant decrease in HRV index in obese patients with severe OSAHS,suggesting that deterioration of cardiac autonomic nervous regulation function may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.