2013—2022年长沙市梅毒流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiologic features of syphilis in Changsha from 2013 to 2022

目的了解长沙市2013—2022年梅毒的流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法运用描述流行病学的方法,对“中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测”中2013—2022年长沙市梅毒监测数据进行统计分析,发病率的趋势变化采用线性趋势χ^(2)检验,发病率差异比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2013—2022年长沙市梅毒总发病率呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=125.84,P<0.05),年发病率为41.01/10万~73.29/10万;隐性梅毒报告病例数最多,胎传梅毒报告病例数下降至零;男女性梅毒发病率均呈下降趋势(男性χ_(趋势)^(2)=4.85,女性χ_(趋势)^(2)=303.78,均P<0.05),女性梅毒年均发病率降幅更大,2022年男性梅毒发病率已超过女性;≥60岁年龄组的梅毒发病率最高,15~<20岁和20~<25岁年龄组的梅毒发病率呈增长趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=150.64、401.73,P<0.05)。梅毒发病人群以农民最多,占46.71%,其次为家务及待业人员、离退人员;梅毒高发地区主要为浏阳市,其次为宁乡市、长沙县,3个地区总报告病例数占比为57.38%。结论2013—2022年长沙市梅毒发病率有所下降,今后仍需严密监测其流行变化,应加大对重点地区和重点人群的宣教和干预,进一步遏制梅毒的传播。

Objective To understand the epidemiologic features of syphilis in Changsha from 2013 to 2022,and to provide a scientific basis for developing preventive and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to statistically analyze the surveillance data of syphilis in Changsha from 2013 to 2022 which were collected from the"Infectious Disease Surveillance of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System".The trend changes in incidence rates were analyzed using linear trend Chi-square test,and the comparison of difference in incidence rates was analyzed using Chi-square test.Results The total incidence rate of syphilis in Changsha from 2013 to 2022 showed a downward trend(χ_(trend)^(2)=125.84,P<0.05),with an annual incidence rate of 41.01/100000-73.29/100000.The number of reported latent syphilis cases was the highest,and the number of reported congenital syphilis cases decreased to zero.The incidence rate of syphilis in both males and females showed a downward trend(maleχ_(trend)^(2)=4.85,femaleχ_(trend)^(2)=303.78,both P<0.05),with a greater decrease in the average annual incidence rate of syphilis in females.In 2022,the incidence rate of syphilis in males had exceeded that in females.The incidence rate of syphilis was the highest in the≥60 years age group,and the incidence rate of syphilis showed an increasing trend in the 15-<20 years age group and the 20-<25 years age group(χ_(trend)^(2)=150.64,401.73,P<0.05).The group with the largest number of syphilis cases was farmers,accounting for 46.71%,followed by housework or unemployed people and retired people.The area with high incidence of syphilis was mainly Liuyang City,followed by Ningxiang City and Changsha County,with the total number of reported cases in the three areas accounting for 57.38%.Conclusion The incidence rate of syphilis in Changsha decreased from 2013 to 2022,but its epidemic changes still need to be closely monitored in the future.The propaganda education and intervention in key areas and key populations should be increased to further curb the spread of syphilis.