miRNAs及其单核苷酸多态性在缺血性脑卒中的研究进展

Research Progress on miRNAs and Their Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Ischemic Stroke

缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)是由环境因素和遗传因素共同作用所致的一种多因素疾病,其遗传易感性及缺血性脑损伤机制仍是近年来研究的热点。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)表达谱异常在IS的病因、病理生理、神经保护和卒中后脑水肿等多个过程均有参与。单核苷酸多态性(single nueleotide polymorphism,SNP)指在有遗传效应的DNA片段上由单个核苷酸发生颠换、转换、插入、缺失等所引起的DNA序列多态性。当miRNA存在SNP时可能直接或间接影响其靶基因的表达,从而作用于IS的发生发展,故miRNA的SNP可成为研究miRNA与IS之间相互作用的新的切入点。本文拟对部分miRNAs及其SNP与IS之间的关系进行综述,以期为IS的诊断、治疗及预后评估提供科学依据。

Ischemic stroke(IS)is a multifactorial disease caused by the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors.Its genetic susceptibility and the mechanism of ischemic brain injury are still hot research topics in recent years.Abnormal expression profiles of microRNAs(miRNAs)are involved in multiple processes such as the etiology,pathophysiology,neuroprotection,and post-stroke brain edema of ischemic stroke.Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)refers to the DNA sequence polymorphism caused by the transposition,transformation,insertion,deletion of a single nucleotide on a DNA fragment.When miRNA has SNP,it may directly or indirectly affect the expression of its target genes,thereby affecting the occurrence and development of IS.Therefore,the SNP of miRNA can become a new entry point for studying the interaction between miRNA and IS.This article aims to review the relationship between some miRNAs and their SNPs with IS,in order to provide scientific basis for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of IS.