数字经济国际竞争力:国际经验与中国路径

International Competitiveness of the Digital Economy:International Experience and China's Paths

提升数字经济国际竞争力是实现高水平科技自立自强和加快形成新质生产力的战略选择。立足“战略部署-要素集聚-主体选择-制度支撑”的四维分析框架,着重分析有为政府视角下美国和欧盟提升数字经济国际竞争力的独特经验,发现在战略部署层面体现为聚焦“技术引领-数字生态”下的技术竞争与生态安全并重战略、人才要素层面聚焦数字人才培育与引进开展多层次数字人才政策部署、在主体选择层面大型数字企业成为数字经济竞争力提升的关键创新主体、制度支撑层面基于自身数字经济要素禀赋开展税制改革。目前,我国数字经济发展进程中产业数字化、数字技术创新以及数字贸易发展迅猛,但数字经济国际竞争力提升依然面临数字关键核心技术缺失、数字人才供给短缺和数字税收制度激励不足等核心障碍。未来,亟须构建开放型数字经济发展战略部署与数字关键核心技术攻关政策体系、多层次数字人才政策体系和与数字经济发展相适宜的数字税收制度体系。

The digital economy is the economic foundation for humanity to move from industrial civilization to digital civilization.Especially due to its basic attributes of“linking”and“sharing”,the digital economy can provide strong impetus for accelerating the formation of new productive forces and leading the high-quality development of the Chinese economy through extensive empowerment.At present,the digital economy has become the main field of global technological competition and industrial competition.Enhancing the international competitiveness of the digital economy is an inevitable choice and path to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and move towards“digital China”.Based on the research of enhancing the competitiveness of digital economy countries,the first route focuses on the empirical research on digital technology,data elements,and the consequences of the digital economy;the second route focuses on measuring the scale and competitiveness of the digital economy,as well as country analysis,believing that the scale and international competitiveness of China's digital economy have improved to varying degrees;the third route focuses on the promotion path and development idea of the digital economy,believing that the digital economy will not only present a new development path and mode,but also inevitably need to be coordinated with important national strategies.This paper is based on the perspective of a promising government from an international view,systematically studies the government's functional positioning and main policy deployments in enhancing the international competitiveness of the digital economy,and diagnoses the core barriers and breakthrough paths for China's digital economy to enhance its international competitiveness.The results indicate that there is common experience between the US and the EU in enhancing the international competitiveness of the digital economy.At the level of strategic deployment,it is reflected in focusing on technological competition and digital ecosystem construction to carry out strategic deployment;at the level of talent element,it is focused on the cultivation and introduction of digital talents to carry out multi-level digital-talent policy deployment;at the level of subject selection,large digital enterprises have become key innovative entities for enhancing the competitiveness of the digital economy;at the level of institutional support,tax system reform should be carried out based on our own digital economy endowment and development demands.At present,China's digital economy is developing rapidly in the process of industrial digitization,digital technology innovation,and digital trade.In the future,it is urgent to build a policy system for open digital economy development strategy deployment and key digital technology tackling,a policy system for multi-level digital talents,and a digital tax system suitable for the development of the digital economy.