上海自贸试验区对接DEPA跨境数据流动规则:动因、差距及完善路径

The China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone aligns with DEPA Cross-border Data Flow Rules:Motivations,Gaps,and Improvement Paths

上海自贸试验区积极主动对接DEPA跨境数据流动规则不仅是落实自身职能发挥、推动自身建设提质升级的必要举措,更是国家层面上对接国际高标准经贸规则、推进高水平制度型开放乃至在国际层面上顺应数字经济发展趋势、参与全球数字经济治理的必然选择。通过对比梳理我国跨境数据流动治理现状以及DEPA相关内容可以发现,DEPA中核心创新内容主要集中于采用数据保护可信任标志、探索数据监管沙盒机制以及推动政府数据开放等领域。相应地,上海自贸试验区在数据传输便利化机制建设、数据创新制度路径探索以及政府数据开放具体规定实施等方面存在不足。未来,上海自贸试验区应当在拓宽数据流动互信互惠范围、丰富开放性数据保护能力认证机制建设、探索数据监管沙盒治理路径、推动数据监管重心后移以及拓展政府数据共享内容,试点建立政府数据国际交换合作机制等方面积极探索,以求完善我国跨境数据流动治理体系,更大程度地发挥数据要素价值。

The China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone taking an active approach to align with DEPA cross-border data flow rules is not only a necessary measure to implement its functions and promote its construction,but also an inevitable choice to align with the international high-standard economic and trade rules,promote the opening up of the high-level system at the national level,and even comply with the development trend of the global digital economy and participate in the governance of the global digital economy at the international level.By comparing the current situation of cross-border data flow governance in China and the relevant contents of DEPA,it can be found that the core innovations in DEPA are mainly focused on the following fields:taking Data Protection Trustmark to improve the compatibility and interoperability of the protection mechanism among parties,exploring data regulation sandboxes and data sharing mechanisms to promote innovation and creation in the digital environment,and encouraging the online licensing mode of government data openness to develop a data exchange compatibility system.Although the corresponding China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone has made certain achievements in exploring the system of hierarchical and classified protection of data,formulating the list of corresponding key industry sectors,and constructing infrastructure for crossborder data flows,there are deficiencies in the construction of data transmission facilitation mechanisms represented by the open data protection capacity certification mechanism,the exploration of data innovation system path represented by data regulation sandboxes,and the concrete implementation path of government data openness.In the future,the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone should make more efforts in broadening the scope of mutual trust and reciprocity in data flows,and enriching the construction of Data Protection Trustmark;exploring the governance path of data regulation sandboxes,promoting the backward shift of regulatory center of gravity as well as expanding the content of government data sharing,and piloting the establishment of cooperation mechanisms for the international exchange of government data,so as to perfect the governance system for cross-border data flows and bring the value of data elements to a greater extent,as well as further put forward cross-border data flow governance programs adapted to national conditions at the international level and deeply participate in global data governance.