美国的TikTok政策:威胁认知、打压实践与效果制约

U.S.TikTok Policy:Threat Perceptions,Suppression Practices,and Effect Constraints

数字霸权是美国霸权地位的重要支柱,中国数字实力的迅速崛起被美国视为重大挑战。字节跳动公司旗下的TikTok是首个在美国市场取得巨大商业成功的中国数字社交应用软件,遭到了美国的重点关注与严厉打压。美国认为TikTok的成功对美国在数字领域的技术霸权和传媒霸权构成威胁,严重侵害美国公民隐私权利,损害美国国家安全。为了护持数字霸权,美国联邦和地方的立法和行政机构、高等院校、科技企业共同推行对TikTok的全方位遏制政策,并串联部分盟国扩大打压范围。美国的打压严重损害了中国正当的海外商贸利益,助长数字领域的技术民族主义和意识形态化倾向,阻滞数字领域的国际合作与全球数字联通进程。但是,美国的打压并不能完全阻挡TikTok的发展势头,TikTok自身较为领先的技术、庞大的用户群以及中国政府的坚定支持都会限制美国的打压效果。

Digital hegemony is an essential pillar of U.S.hegemony.The rapid rise of China's digital power is regarded as a significant challenge by the U.S.TikTok,a subsidiary of the ByteDance Corporation,is the first Chinese digital social networking application that has achieved significant commercial success in the U.S.market and thus suffers from the U.S.'s focused attention and severe suppression.The U.S.insists that TikTok's success threatens the U.S.technological hegemony and media hegemony in the digital sphere,seriously infringes on the privacy rights of U.S.citizens,and undermines U.S.national security.In order to protect its digital hegemony,the U.S.federal and local legislative and administrative agencies,higher education institutions and technology companies have jointly pursued an allencompassing containment policy against TikTok and have conspired with some of its allies to expand the scope of the suppression.The U.S.suppression has seriously undermined China's legitimate overseas commercial interests,fostered“technonationalism”and ideologizing tendencies in the digital field,and stalled international cooperation in the digital field and the process of global digital connectivity.However,U.S.suppression can only partially affect TikTok's development.TikTok's leading technology,large user base,and firm support from the Chinese government will limit the effect of U.S.suppression.