某院抗结核药物所致药物不良反应的流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Adverse Drug Reactions Caused by Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in a Hospital

目的:分析医院抗结核药物所致药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特征,为临床抗结核药物的用药安全提供参考。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年12月医院收治的897例进行抗结核治疗的结核病患者作为研究对象,统计患者抗结核药物所致ADRs的发生情况,并采集患者的年龄,以及ADRs的发生时间、临床表现、严重程度等信息,以分析抗结核药物所致ADRs的临床特点。结果:897例结核病患者中发生抗结核药物相关ADRs的有378例,ADRs发生率为42.14%;378例ADRs患者的年龄主要集中在>60岁(192例,占50.79%),其次为>40~60岁(90例,占23.81%)和>18~40岁(81例,占21.43%);抗结核药物所致ADRs的发生时间以用药后的>15~30 d居多(123例,占32.54%),其次为用药后的≤15 d(78例,占20.63%)和>45~60 d(76例,占20.11%);抗结核药物所致的ADRs主要表现为肝功能损伤(141例,占37.30%)、胃肠道反应(90例,占23.81%)和泌尿系统异常(69例,占18.25%);抗结核药物所致ADRs的严重程度以轻度为主(287例,占75.93%),重度的仅6例(占1.59%)。结论:医院抗结核药物相关ADRs的发生率较高,其发生人群以中老年为主,其症状表现多较为轻微,对此临床仍应高度重视,做好患者的用药监测,以保障患者的用药安全。

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs in the hospital and provide a reference for the safe medication of anti-tuberculosis drugs in clinical practice.Methods:A total of 897 patients with tuberculosis admitted to the hospital for anti-tuberculosis treatment from January 2020 to December 2023 were selected as research objects,the occurrence of ADRs caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs was summarized,and the information of patients such as age,occurrence time,clinical manifestations and severity of ADRs was collected to analyze the clinical characteristics of ADRs caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs.Results:Among 897 tuberculosis patients,anti-tuberculosis drug-related ADRs occurred in 378 patients,with an ADR incidence of 42.14%,and the ages of the 378 patients with ADRs were mainly elder than 60 years old(192 cases,50.79%),followed by 40-60 years old(90 cases,23.81%)and 18-40 years old(81 cases,21.43%).The ADRs caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs mostly occurred in 15-30 days after medication(123 cases,32.54%),followed by less than and equal to 15 days after medication(78 cases,20.63%),and 45-60 days after medication(76 cases,20.11%).ADRs caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs were mainly manifested as liver damage(141 cases,37.30%),gastrointestinal reactions(90 cases,23.81%)and urinary system abnormalities(69 cases,18.25%).For the severity of ADRs caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs,most of them were mild(287 cases,75.93%)and only 6 cases(1.59%)were severe.Conclusion:The anti-tuberculosis drug-related ADRs have a high incidence in hospitals,and the target populations are mainly middle-aged and elderly people,and their symptoms are mostly mild.Clinically,it is necessary to attach importance to them,monitor their medications to ensure the safe medication of patients.