历代锡金(哲孟雄)王与西藏贵族联姻的制度及作用考略

A Study on the System and Function of the Marriage between the King of Sikkim and the Aristocrats in Xizang in Past Dynasties

上层集团的婚姻关系是实现现实利益的重要方式,也是强国护政的重要手段。通过藏哲联姻关系达到政治目的是锡金政治制度中的一项重要内容,是锡金王朝时期治国理政的重要决策方略,贯穿于整个锡金王朝历史,不仅影响了锡金王朝的发展走向,而且对锡金王朝时期政治、经济、文化发展产生了重大影响,但因由于相关区域史料缺乏系统的挖掘和整理,学术界对藏哲联姻的细节所知甚少。文章根据《哲孟雄政教史》《哲孟雄王统史》《秘境哲孟雄简史》等锡金藏文历史文献及相关档案资料,全面考述甘丹颇章地方政权时期喜马拉雅南麓的锡金(哲孟雄)王室成员大都与西藏大户人家结亲的政治传统,考察其政治性联姻的概况及在不同时期的演变过程,并对哲孟雄王室从西藏日喀则地区的拉摩、达那、扎什伦布所属贝顶等贵族家族择娶18位藏族女孩为后妃的原因,即哲孟雄王族本属南迁藏人的祖源因素、习俗上与西藏更为接近的文化因素和试图借助西藏地方势力来维护其国家安全的政治因素等做了相应的论述,并对藏哲双方如何进行政治联姻的过程、特点、目的及意义等做了分析归纳,以期将这一延续了3个世纪的联姻传统置于当时的历史背景之下,通过这种婚姻关系透视两地政治集团的利益,继而整体认识甘丹颇章地方政权时期锡金(哲孟雄)与其之间的关系。

The marriage relationship of the upper class group is an important way to achieve practical interests and also an important means for getting more power.The achievement of political goals through the alliance between Tibetan and Sikkim families is an important part of the political system framework of Sikkim,and it is an important decision-making strategy for governing the country during the Sikkim dynasty.It runs through the entire history of the Sikkim dynasty and not only affects its development direction,but also has a significant impact on the political,economic,and cultural development of the Sikkim dynasty.However,due to the lack of systematic excavation and organization of relevant regional historical materials,the academic community knows very little about the details of the alliance between Tibetan and Sikkim families.Based on some historical documents,this paper comprehensively studies the political tradition that most members of the Sikkim royal family in the southern Himalaya during the period of Ganden Porang were married to large families in Xizang,examines the general situation of their political marriage and the evolution process in different periods,and analyzes the reason why the royal family of Sikkim chose to marry 18 Tibetan concubines from the noble families of Lamo,Tanag,Tashilunpo and other families in Shigatse region of Xizang,namely,the ancestral factors of the Sikkim royal family,which originally belonged to the southward migration of Tibetans,the cultural factors that are closer to Xizang in customs,and the political factors that want to use Xizang's local forces to maintain their national security are discussed accordingly.It also analyzes and sums up the process,characteristics,purpose and significance of the political marriage between Xizang and Sikkim,hoping to place the marriage tradition that has lasted for three centuries under the historical background at that time,so that readers can see through the marriage relationship the interests of political groups in both places,and then understand the historical origin between Sikkim and Xizang during the Ganden Porang period as a whole.