BBNJ协定中的“不损害”释义及其法律模式

The Concept of“Not Undermine”and Its Legal Framework in the BBNJ Agreement

“不损害”的法律要求随着BBNJ协定立法进程的启动而出现,具体来自于BBNJ立法过程中的两份联合国大会决议。这一要求贯穿BBNJ立法全过程,所有版本的协定案文都载有“不损害”条款。该条款借鉴并丰富了《鱼类种群协定》中“不损害”的内涵,但在法律模式部分并未采用《鱼类种群协定》的“不妨害”模式,导致不能对其仅进行狭义解释。在“碎片化”背景下,“不损害”的法律意涵应当在“协调性原则”的指导下进行广义和狭义之间的折中解释,包含了促进和改善的内涵。BBNJ协定的具体机制安排也致力于实现“不损害”的法律意涵从而达成分散的治理框架体系化及促进全球协调合作。

The legal requirement of“not undermine”emerged with the initiation of the legislative process for the BBNJ Agreement,specifically from the two United Nations General Assembly Resolutions.This requirement has continued throughout the BBNJ process and all versions of the text of the Agreement contain a“not undermine”clause.This provision builds on and enriches the meaning of“not undermine”in the Fish Stocks Agreement,but does not follow the“without-prejudice”model of the Fish Stocks Agreement,which prevents it from being interpreted only in a narrow sense.In the context of fragmentation,the legal meaning of“not undermine”should be interpreted as a compromise between the broader and narrower meanings in the light of the“principle of harmonization”,which encompasses facilitation and amelioration.The specific institutional arrangements of the BBNJ Agreement are also aimed at realizing the legal meaning of“not undermine”in order to systematize the fragmented governance framework and promote global coordination and cooperation.