一种组合式二级缓冲吸能装置的吸能特性研究

Energy absorption characteristics of a combined 2-stage buffer energy absorption device

基于胀管和泡沫铝的缓冲吸能特性,以能量吸收值为设计目标,提出了一种新型二级缓冲吸能装置设计方法,并通过准静态压缩试验和落锤冲击试验验证了该方法的有效性。试验结果表明:该二级装置可实现预期的多级梯度应力平台。建立了二级缓冲吸能装置的有限元模型,通过仿真分析其在不同冲击工况下的动态响应和能量变化特征,该装置泡沫铝和胀管部分吸能占比可达80%,且更换主要耗能部分后其余构件可实现重复使用,并针对其失效模式提出优化方法,有效增加耗能材料的利用率和装置的整体稳定性。

Here,based on buffering and energy absorption characteristics of expansion tube and foam aluminum,a new design method of 2-stage buffer energy absorption device was proposed taking the energy absorption value as the design target.The effectiveness of this method was verified with quasi-static compression tests and drop hammer impact tests.The test results showed that the 2-stage device can realize the expected multi-level gradient stress platform;the finite element model of the two-stage energy absorption device is established,through simulation analysis of its dynamic response and energy change characteristics under different impact conditions,the energy absorption ratio of the device’s foam aluminum and expansion tube parts can reach 80%,and the rest of components can be reused after replacing main energy dissipation parts;an optimization method is proposed for its failure mode to effectively increase the utilization rate of energy dissipation materials and the overall stability of the device.