内江天冬的产地加工、质量标准与产品开发策略

Review on the origin processing and quality standard of Radix Asparagi from Neijiang City and the development strategy of its products

天冬始载于《神农本草经》,列为“上品”,临床上常与麦冬、地黄配伍,用于治疗肺阴虚、肾阴虚、热伤胃津等证。内江市东兴区是四川省天冬适宜种植区域之一,2023年“天冬膏熬制技艺”列入内江市第九批非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。除了药用,在内江地区天冬还常作为食品原料。目前,天冬的采收、产地加工等环节仍需大量人工,去皮、干燥、切制、去心是产地加工的关键工序,去皮机、切药机、微波干燥机等相关中药炮制设备亟需优化升级。《中华人民共和国兽药典》2020年版二部天冬项下收载了性状、显微鉴别、水分检查、总灰分检查、二氧化硫残留量检查及浸出物测定,未收载含量测定项,质量标准有待进一步完善。液质联用、高光谱、近红外光谱、X射线等新技术可用于天冬的定性鉴别,建立内江天冬的特征图谱、指纹图谱可完善专属性分析。天冬的定量分析目前集中在皂苷、氨基酸、多糖,单一成分的含量测定并不能反映中药材的整体质量,故应对天冬药材的多组分进行含量测定,天冬产品则需结合适应症选取药效物质进行测定。另外,有关物质检查应增加5-HMF、农药残留、霉菌毒素、重金属及有害元素等测定项。目前天冬的应用形式单一,主要作为中药材原料,而其在提取物、配方颗粒、新饲料添加剂等领域也发挥着重要作用,具有广阔的市场前景。本文从天冬的产地加工、质量标准、产品开发等方面进行综述,为内江天冬进一步的研究与应用提供参考。

Radix Asparagi was first recorded in the“Shennong’s Classic of the Materia Medica”,listed as top grade,wihch often combined with Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Rehmanniae in clinical practice.Radix Asparagi is used to treat syndromes such as lung Yin deficiency,kidney Yin deficiency and heat injury to the stomach.Dongxing District of Neijiang City is one of the suitable planting areas for Radix Asparagi in Sichuan Province.In 2023,“the Preparation Process of Radix Asparagi Liquid Extract”was included in the ninth batch of representative projects of intangible cultural heritage in Neijiang City.In addition,Radix Asparagi is also commonly used as a food ingredient in the Neijiang region.At present,the harvesting and processing of Radix Asparagi still require a large amount of manual labor,therefore the relevant processing equipment such as peeling machines,cutting machines,microwave dryers urgently need to be optimized.The key processes of origin processing include peeling,drying,cutting and removing the core.The 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China,include characteristics,microscopic identification,moisture examination,total ash examination,sulfur dioxide residue examination,and leachate determination of Radix Asparagi.However,it does not include content determination items,so the quality standards need to be further improved.LC-MS,hyperspectral imaging,NIR,X-ray technologies can be used for qualitative identification.Specific chromatogram and fingerprint spectra are beneficial for improving detection levels.The quantitative analysis of Radix Asparagi currently focuses on saponins,amino acids,and polysaccharides.A single component cannot reflect the overall quality of Chinese medicinal herbs,so the content determination of multiple components should be carried out.But its products should selected active substances associated with the specific indications to determine.In addition,related substances inspection should include 5-HMF,pesticide residues,mycotoxins,heavy metals and harmful elements.At present,the application form of Radix Asparagi is single,which mainly used as a raw material for traditional Chinese medicine.However Radix Asparagi also plays an important role in the fields of extracts,formula granules,and new feed additives.This review focused on the research publications of Radix Asparagi and aimed to summarize the advances in the progress of the origin processing,quality standards and product development of Radix Asparagi,which will provide reference for the further studies and application of Radix Asparagi from Neijiang.