高分辨率遥感在震害监测中的应用综述

An Overview of Application of High-resolution Remote Sensing in Seismic Hazard Monitoring

随着卫星、有人机、无人机等遥感平台的快速发展,高分辨率遥感技术在震害灾前预警、灾中应急监测、灾后恢复重建监测等全生命周期中发挥了重要作用。文章首先分析了震害监测的需求、挑战以及面临的主要问题,然后介绍了高分辨率遥感技术的基本原理和数据获取、处理、分析等关键技术,最后详细讨论了高分辨率遥感在震害灾前、灾中和灾后监测中的具体应用案例,总结了遥感技术在震害不同阶段的实际应用效果,并提出未来研究的发展方向。结果表明,高分辨率遥感技术能够提供准确、详细的地表信息,帮助评估灾害范围和破坏程度,还可以对灾后恢复重建规划实施监测,对震害的预警、救援和灾后重建具有明显优势,能够克服传统调查手段的不足,有助于提高灾害应对效率和减轻灾损。未来应加强空天高分辨率遥感的协同监测,提升遥感时空分辨率、数据集成、智能分析、决策支持等技术,以提供更全面、更精准的信息支持。

With the rapid development of remote sensing platforms such as satellites,manned aircraft and drones,high-resolution remote sensing technology plays an important role in the whole life cycle of pre-disaster early warning of earthquake damage,emergency response monitoring during the disaster,and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction monitoring.The article firstly analyzes the needs,challenges and main problems of earthquake damage monitoring,then introduces the basic principles of high-resolution remote sensing technology and the key technologies of data acquisition,processing and analysis,and finally discusses the application cases of high-resolution remote sensing in pre-disaster,disaster and post-disaster monitoring of earthquakes in detail,summarizes the effect of the practical application of remote sensing technology in different stages of earthquake damage,and puts forward the direction of the development of future research.The results show that high-resolution remote sensing technology can provide accurate and detailed surface information to help assess the scope of the disaster and the degree of damage,and can also be used to monitor the implementation of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning,which is an obvious advantage for the early warning,rescue and post-disaster reconstruction of the earthquake damage,and can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional means of investigation,which helps to improve the efficiency of the response to the disaster and mitigate the damage.In the future,we should strengthen the collaborative monitoring of high-resolution remote sensing in the air and the sky,and improve the temporal and spatial resolution of remote sensing,data integration,intelligent analysis,decision-making support and other technologies,so as to provide more comprehensive and accurate information support.