清代安徽疾疫及社会应对

The Epidemic and its Countermeasures of Anhui Province in Qing Dynasty

清代安徽疾疫爆发频率高,疫源复杂,疫病种类多,分布范围大小不均,多集中于夏、秋季,沿江、河滨湖地区和交通要道、贸易繁荣区为疫灾高发区,多或紧随水旱蝗等自然灾害或与之同频发生,对农业生产和农村经济破坏性大。清代安徽疾疫频发,与气候及自然环境、自然灾害、战争、人口流亡、风俗习惯的影响休戚相关。疾疫爆发后,地方官员、士绅、民间慈善组织、富民、商人和医者采取遣医施药,设仓储粮,广施赈济,祈神禳灾,施棺助葬,编撰、刊印和传播防疫方书,族医赠药施治等措施,应对疫灾。

The spread of epidemic of Anhui Province in Qing Dynasty was characterized by frequent outbreaks,complex epidemic focus,various disease types,and uneven distribution.It usually occurred during summer and autumn,distributed in densely populated areas such as rivers and lakes,main roads,and trade centers.It often followed or even happened amid the natural disasters,such as flood,drought,plague of locusts,causing great damage to the agricultural production and the rural economy.The frequent outbreak of it was closely related to climate and natural environment,natural disasters,wars,population flow and social customs.In these circumstances,local officials,country gentlemen,non-governmental charities,the affluent,businessmen and doctors would take various countermeasures to combat disease,such as dispatching doctors and medicine,setting up storehouses for grain,giving donations,praying gods to avert disasters,providing economic assistance for burials,compiling,publishing and disseminating prescriptions for epidemic prevention.