福建省野生兰科植物物种多样性及其地理格局

Species diversity and geographical pattern of wild Orchidaceae in Fujian Province

【目的】明晰福建省野生兰科植物资源现状,旨在为其野生资源的保护提供依据。【方法】通过多次深入福建省各市县进行野外调查,结合网络进行资料查阅及收集,对福建省野生兰科植物相关信息,如分布物种、分布地等进行整理分析。【结果】经统计,福建省野生兰科植物共计86属231种(含变种)。以石豆兰属Bulbophyllum、羊耳蒜属Liparis、舌唇兰属Platanthera、斑叶兰属Goodyera、虾脊兰属Calanthe为主要属,这5个属所含种数共计70个,占福建省野生兰科植物总数的30.30%;其属的多样性丰富但属内种较为贫乏,属内含种数≤5个的属共有77个,所含种数合计134个。生活型以地生为主,共131种,附生兰85种,腐生兰15种,地生兰、附生兰、腐生兰分别占福建省野生兰科植物总数的56.71%、36.80%、6.49%。【结论】福建省野生兰科植物区域分布不均,分布最为丰富的市县为武夷山市(82种),其次为闽侯县(71种);部分兰科植物只在一个市县有分布信息记录。福建省野生兰科植物区系过渡带特征明显,以热带为主要成分,北温带成分和东亚成分对福建省野生兰科植物也有明显的影响。

【Objective】The current status of wild Orchidaceae resources in Fujian Province was clarified to provide a basis for the protection of its wild resources.【Method】Relevant information of wild Orchidaceae in Fujian,including species composition and distribution areas,was sorted and analyzed through multiple field surveys across various cities and counties in Fujian in combination with data retrieval and collection on the Internet.【Result】A total of 86 genera and 231 species(including variants)of wild Orchi-daceae were counted in Fujian.The primary genera were made up by Bulbophyllum,Liparis,Platanthera,Goodyera and Calanthe,consisting of 70 species and accounting for 30.30%of the total number of wild Orchidaceae in Fujian.Its genus diversity was rich but with poor species diversity,and there were 77 genera having species number≤5.Terrestrial was the main life form,with 131 species,and the rest were made up by 85 species of epiphytic orchid and 15 species of saprophytic orchids,with the 3 life forms accounting for 56.71%,36.80%and 6.49%of all the wild Orchidaceae discovered,respectively.【Conclusion】Wild Orchidaceae in Fujian is featured by uneven distribution of genus,most abundantly distributed in Wuyishan City(82 species),followed by Minhou County(71 species);the distribution of some orchids is recorded in only 1 county or city.The characteristics of the transition zone of wild Orchidaceae in Fujian is obvious,with tropical zone as the main component,and is also affected by the components of north temperate zone and east Asia.