4种定性职业健康风险评估方法在水泥粉尘危害评估中的应用研究

Application of four qualitative occupational health risk assessment methods for cement dust hazard assessment

目的比较国内外4种定性职业健康风险评估方法在水泥粉尘危害评估中的应用,探讨其适用性,寻找适合开展水泥粉尘定性职业健康风险评估的方法。方法采用罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估法(简称“罗马尼亚法”)、澳大利亚职业健康与安全风险评估法(简称“澳大利亚法”)、MES法及国际采矿和金属委员会(ICMM)定性法对重庆市7家生产企业水泥粉尘作业岗位开展职业健康风险评估。评估结果经风险比值(RR)标化后,应用Spearman相关性分析、Mann-Whitney U检验和加权Kappa检验,分析、比较评估结果。结果4种方法评估结果的RR值均与水泥粉尘浓度成正相关关系(相关系数均>0.60)。罗马尼亚法、澳大利亚法和ICMM定性法能区分重点岗位和非重点岗位的风险差异。ICMM定性法不易确定需要优先干预的高风险岗位。罗马尼亚法与澳大利亚法评估结果虽然一致性较强(Kappa=0.608,P<0.01),但仅澳大利亚法识别出了水泥粉尘高风险岗位。结论综合来看,澳大利亚法相对更能识别不同作业岗位水泥粉尘危害的风险差异,评估结果准确性较好,更适合开展水泥粉尘职业健康风险评估。

Objective To compare the application of four domestic and foreign qualitative occupational health risk assessment methods for cement dust hazard assessment and explore their applicability,and to find out a method suitable for qualitative occupational health risk assessment of cement dust.Methods The Risk Assessment Method for Occupational Accidents and Diseases of Romania(Romania method),the Australian Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment Method(Australia method),MES method,and the qualitative method of International Council on Mining&Metals(ICMM)were used to assess the occupational health risk of cement dust exposure posts in seven enterprises of Chongqing.The assessment results were analyzed and compared with Spearman correlation analysis,Mann-Whitney U test and weighted Kappa consistency test after standardizing by risk ratio(RR).Results The RRs of the four methods were all positively correlated with cement dust exposure concentration(the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.6).The Romania method,the Australia method and the qualitative method of ICMM could identify a risk difference between the key posts and non-key posts.The qualitative method of ICMM was difficult to identify high-risk posts that require priority intervention.The Romania method and Australia method had strong consistency(Kappa=0.608,P<0.01),but only the Australia method could identify high-risk posts of cement dust.Conclusion In general,the Australia method is relatively better at identifying the risk differences of cement dust hazard in different posts and is more suitable for occupational health risk assessment of cement dust with more accurate assessment results.