2017-2022年成都地区成年女性甲状腺结节患病情况及其影响因素分析

Prevalence of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors in adult female population in Chengdu in 2017-2022

目的了解成都地区2017—2022年成年女性甲状腺结节患病情况及其影响因素。方法选取2017年1月至2022年12月成都医学院第二附属医院·核工业四一六医院成年女性甲状腺结节患者4612例纳入研究组,按年龄匹配同期该院健康体检诊断无甲状腺结节女性人群4027例纳入对照组,对比两组一般资料及甲状腺相关血清学指标差异,分析甲状腺结节发生的影响因素及流行病学特征。结果身体质量指数(BMI)(OR=1.104)、血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)(OR=1.150)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)(OR=1.143)水平升高,合并糖尿病(OR=1.107)、甲状腺疾病家族史(OR=1.271)是发生甲状腺结节的危险因素;高生活质量、高文化水平是发生甲状腺结节的保护因素;体检筛查(59.67%)是发现甲状腺结节最常见的途径,近3年体检筛查占发现甲状腺结节比例(53.18%)低于疫情前水平(64.10%)。结论加强重点目标人群的甲状腺筛查工作以及甲状腺结节科普工作是今后成都地区甲状腺结节防治工作的重点。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors in adult women from 2017 to 2022 in Chengdu.Methods A total of 4612 adult female patients with thyroid nodules in the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College,Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022 were selected and included in the study group.Among the 4027 females without thyroid nodules diagnosed by physical examination in the hospital during the same period were matched for age and included in the control group.The differences in general data and thyroid-related serological parameters between the two groups were compared and the influencing factors of thyroid nodules and the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules were analyzed.Results Increased Body mass index(BMI)(OR=1.104),serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies(TGAb)(OR=1.150)and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)(OR=1.143)levels,diabetes mellitus(OR=1.107)and family history of thyroid disease(OR=1.271)were risk factors for thyroid nodules;high quality of life and high education level were protective factors for thyroid nodules.Physical examination screening(59.67%)was the most common way to detect thyroid nodules.Influenced by the COVID-19 epidemi,physical examination screening in the past 3 years accounted for a lower proportion of thyroid nodules found(53.18%)than the preepidemic level(64.10%).Conclusion Strengthening thyroid screening and popular science popularization of thyroid nodules in key target populations is the focus of thyroid nodule prevention and treatment in Chengdu in the future.