肝硬化-肝癌恶性转化的相关机制及诊断生物标志物研究进展

Research progress on the related mechanism of malignant transformation of liver cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma and diagnostic biomarkers

肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有早期起病隐匿、侵袭力强、复发率高、预后差等特点,其发病率逐年上升,已成为严重威胁人类健康的第五大恶性肿瘤。肝癌的临床症状不具有典型性,且常规检查难以筛查,患者因不适就医时多已处于肝癌晚期,给肝癌的治疗及预后带来不良影响。肝硬化-肝癌的恶性转化是良性病变向恶性病变过渡的移行阶段,涉及肿瘤细胞增生性病变,如果及时明确并去除病因或适当治疗,有可能停止这一恶性转化,阻止肝癌的发生。当前,临床缺乏诊断肝癌癌前病变的特异性指标,迫切需要寻找更可靠的诊断方法。通过归纳肝硬化-肝癌恶性转化的相关机制及早期诊断的潜在生物标志物,总结国内外近年来肝癌发病机制及诊断生物标志物的研究成果,旨在为临床肝癌的诊疗提供更加直观的理论依据。

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the common malignancies in China,which has the characteristics of insidious onset,strong invasiveness,high recurrence rate and poor prognosis.Its incidence is increasing year by year,and it has become the fifth malignancy that seriously threatens human health.The clinical symptoms of HCC are not typical,which makes it difficult to screen through conventional examinations.Patients are mostly in the advanced stage of HCC when they visit the hospital due to discomfort,bringing adverse effects on the treatment and prognosis of HCC.The malignant transformation of liver cirrhosis-HCC is a transitional stage from benign lesions to malignant lesions,involving proliferative lesions of tumor cells.If the cause is clear and removed in time or appropriate treatment is carried out,it is possible to stop this malignant transformation and prevent the occurrence of HCC.Currently,there is a lack of specific indicators for diagnosing precancerous lesions of HCC,and it is urgent to find more reliable diagnostic methods.Herein,the research results of the pathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers of HCC in recent years at home and abroad were summarized through concluding related mechanisms of malignant transformation of liver cirrhosis-HCC and potential biomarkers for early diagnosis,aiming to provide a more intuitive theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in clinical practice.