权宜性让权:性别实践视角下女性家庭地位的提升机制

Expediency Concession:The Improvement Mechanism of Women's Family Status from the Perspective of Gender Practice

媳妇当家是农民家庭为了适应经济社会转型塑造出的一种家庭权力关系。基于在鲁西南M村的实地调研,发现当前的年轻媳妇在家庭日常生活实践中占据了关键位置,这表现在年轻媳妇掌握了家庭资源的分配权、社会交往的主动权和生活观念话语权。年轻媳妇当家归结于年轻丈夫的权宜性让权:外出务工使青年男性的劳动实践发生了关系脱域与空间脱域,导致“男主外,女主内”的含义从男主“公外”、女主“私内”转变为男主“在外赚钱”、女主“在家糊口”。在此基础上,男女比例失调导致年轻男性结婚难,为了维护家庭完整和谐,年轻丈夫倾向于将决策权让渡于妻子,一方面对“合理不合情”决策采取顺应性默许态度,另一方面对“合情不合理”决策采取策略性忽视态度。媳妇当家现象并非文化价值观念变迁的结果,而是家庭应对市场和社会转型时的实用主义产物。真正的女性崛起以脱离建立在父权制基础上的传宗接代的本体性价值为前提,女性凭借自身能力重塑和实现本体价值的崛起之路任重而道远。

The daughter-in-law in charge of the family is a kind of family power relationship shaped by the peasant family in order to adapt to the economic and social transformation.Based on the field research in M village in southwestern Shandong,it is found that the current young daughter-in-law occupies a key position in the daily life practice of the family,which is reflected in the fact that the young daughter-in-law has the right to distribute family resources,the initiative of social communication and the right to speak about life concepts.The young daughter-in-law is in charge of the family due to the expediency concession of the young husband:going out to work has caused the labor practice of young men to be relationally delocalized and space delocalized,resulting in the meaning of"male leading outside and female leading inside"changing from"male holding public issues"and"female holding private issues"to"male making money outside"and"female doing housework inside".On this basis,the imbalance between men and women makes it difficult for young men to marry,and in order to maintain the integrity and harmony of the family,young husbands tend to relinquish power to their wives,adopting a compliant acquiescence attitude towards"reasonable and unreasonable"decisions on the one hand,and a strategic neglect attitude towards"reasonable and unreasonable"decisions on the other.The phenomenon of daughters-in-law in charge of the family is not the result of changes in cultural values,but the product of pragmatism in the family's response to market and social transformation.Women's rise is still an arduous journey and long march.