“成为父亲”:儒家父职的家国象征及其现代转型

"Becoming a Father":The Family-State Symbol of Confucian Fatherhood and Its Modern Transformation

传统儒家父职对权威性父权的强调和君权相结合,构成了“君父”和“家国一体”的道德规训结构,进而塑造了传统中国社会父职和家庭伦理的基本底色。与“生物父亲”不同,“社会父亲”作为一个建构性角色,其持久的角色诱惑性吸引着一代又一代“儿子”不断地“成为父亲”。这种角色诱惑性来自家国同构、忠孝一体的道德权力关系,及其形塑下的个体自我规训技术。伴随着社会祛魅和伦理关系民主化,现代社会中父亲权威日渐式微,父子关系也趋向扁平化,面对传统父亲角色的责任期待,越来越多年轻人开始拒绝按部就班地进入“父亲”角色,拒绝在社会期待的年纪里“成为父亲”。儒家父职的家国象征及其渐逝是现代父职意识转型的后果,这并非进入了一个糟糕的阶段,需要以积极的态度应对这种变化,理顺现代父子关系,构建祛魅化的新型父职。

The emphasis on authoritative fatherhood in traditional Confucian paternity,combined with the power of the monarch,constitutes the moral disciplinary structure of the"father and the monarch"and the"unity of the family and the state",which in turn shapes the basic underpinnings of paternity and family ethics in traditional Chinese society.Unlike the"biological father,"the"social father"as a constructive role,with its enduring allure,attracts generations of"sons"to"become fathers"over and over again."The seductiveness of this role comes from the moral power relationship of family and state,loyalty and filial piety,and the individual self-training technology under its molding.Along with the demystification of society and the democratization of ethical relations,the authority of fathers is declining in modern society,and the father-son relationship tends to flatten.In the face of the expectation of the responsibility of the traditional role of fathers,more and more young people refuse to step into the role of fathers and"become fathers"at the age that society expects them to.The Confucian symbol of fatherhood and its gradual disappearance is a consequence of the transformation of modern fatherhood consciousness,which is not a bad stage,and it is necessary to respond to this change with a positive attitude,rationalize the modern father-child relationship,and build a new type of fatherhood that is free from demonization.