中国式现代化海外研究的张力语境、话语建构与理论反思

Overseas Research on Chinese Modernization:Tensional Context,Discourse Construction,and Theoretical Reflection

现代化理论发端于西方。然而,近百年来西方现代化发展暴露出的诸多不可克服之矛盾,使部分海外学者的研究旨趣转向对“非西方”现代化模式的关注,中国式现代化因而成为海外对华研究的重要面向。海外学者对中国式现代化的研究,萌发于对中国改革开放之中现代化目标的关注,伴随着中国现代化进程而不断深化。从仅仅将现代化作为中国发展的政治口号加以解析,到将“中国现代化”设置为研究议题,再到对所谓“威权现代化”话语的争论和反思;从以意识形态偏见为基点挖掘中国现代化发展道路的不利因素,到在现代化与自由化之辩中明确“中国式现代化”的特殊性及其历史必然性,再到对“中国模式”可持续性与可复制性的讨论,逐渐形成了对于“中国式现代化”的整体印象。尽管其研究中意识形态的偏见与理论观点争辩一直存在,但对于中国式现代化的开放性讨论,拓展了现代化的理论范畴,亦激发了人们对于中国发展的畅想。审慎对待海外学者对中国式现代化的研究,注意其研究立场、方法和视角的变化,有利于深化现代化理论研究、建构中国式现代化多元叙事、促进中国话语的国际传播。

Modernization theory originated in the West.However,the numerous insurmountable contradictions exposed in the development of Western modernization over the past century have shifted the research interests of some foreign scholars towards the focus on "non-Western" modernization models,making Chinese-style modernization an important aspect of overseas research on China.Foreign scholars' research on Chinese-style modernization originated from their attention to the modernization goals embedded in China's reform and opening-up.This research has systematically deepened along with the process of China's modernization:from merely analyzing modernization as a political slogan for China's development,to setting "China's modernization" as a research topic,and further to the debate and reflection on "authoritarian modernization";from exploring the unfavorable factors of China's modernization development path based on ideological bias,to clarifying the uniqueness and historical inevitability of China in the debate between modernization and liberalization,and finally to discussing the sustainability and reproducibility of the "China model".Gradually,an overall impression of "Chinese modernization" has been formed.Although ideological biases and theoretical debates have persisted in their research,the open discussion of Chinese modernization has broadened the theoretical scope of modernization and inspired people's imagination of China's development.Carefully considering foreign scholars' research on China's modernization,paying attention to changes in their research positions,methods,and perspectives,is conducive to deepening and expanding the theoretical research on modernization,constructing diverse narratives of Chinese modernization,and promoting the international dissemination of Chinese voices.