历史虚无主义的“主体虚无”论及其规正理路——基于马克思“现实的人”思想视域的考察

"Subjective Emptiness" in Historical Nihilism and Its Rectification Rationale——An Examination from the Perspective of Marx's Concept of "Real People"

“现实的人”思想是马克思思想体系的立论基础与内核,马克思认为“现实的人”在现实生活中以主体形式存在,包括以下三种基本形态:一是作为“个体主体”的存在;二是作为“群体主体”的存在;三是作为“类主体”的存在。历史虚无主义“主体虚无”就是对“现实的人”作为社会实践主体三种样态的虚无化,导致“现实的人”的历史主体角色与价值判断能力不断弱化。在中国特色社会主义建设过程中,“主体虚无”论的危害在于造成个体价值错位、消解党的群众基础和历史根基、影响人类交往秩序。因此需要从技术、制度和价值三个方面对其进行彻底批判与规正。

The idea of "real people" is the theoretical basis and core of Marx's ideological system.Marx believed that "real people" exist in the form of subjects in real life,including the following three basic forms:firstly,as individuals;secondly,as collective entities;and thirdly,as representatives of their class.The historical nihilism of "subjective emptiness" refers to the nihilization of the three forms of "real people" as social practice subjects,leading to the continuous weakening of the historical subject role and value judgment ability of "real people".In the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics,the harm of the theory of "subjective emptiness" lies in causing causing misalignment of individual values,undermining the Party's mass foundation and historical roots,and affecting the human social order.Therefore,it is necessary to thoroughly criticize and regulate it from three aspects:technology,system,and value.