运气均等主义的两种路径:G.A.柯亨对德沃金的批判、继承与超越

Two Paths to Luck Equalitarianism:G.A.Cohen’s Critique,Inheritance and Transcendence of Dworkin

柯亨与德沃金同属运气均等主义派别,但他们对运气问题的看法却有着根本性的差异。柯亨主张从分配正义的结果出发,消除选择运气中的偶然因素,认为人们不应该为那些不是出于他们自身错误所导致的后果承担责任;德沃金主张从伦理道德出发,将选择运气与个人责任结合,认可不平等结果的合法性,认为人们应该为基于自由意志的选择结果承担责任。尽管,柯亨与德沃金的目的不同,但柯亨运气均等主义理论的基本主张与内容,都受到德沃金的深刻影响。也正是在德沃金的启发下,柯亨逐渐形成了自己独特的运气均等主义理论,并对德沃金进行了超越。

Cohen and Dworkin belong to the same school of luck egualitarianism,but their view to the problem of luck are fundamentally different.Cohen argues for the elimination of the contingent element of choice luck in terms of distributive justice outcomes,and he argues that people should not be held responsible for consequences that are not due to their own faults;Dworkin argues for the legitimacy of unequal outcomes in terms of an ethical and moral approach that combines choice luck with personal responsibility,and he argues that people should be held responsible for the outcomes of choices based on their free will.Although,Cohen and Dworkin had different aims,the basic propositions and content of Cohen’s theory of equalitarianism of luck were deeply influenced by Dworkin.It was also under Dworkin’s inspiration that Cohen gradually developed his own unique theory of luck equalitarianism and surpassed Dworkin.