棉花-花生轮作模式对土壤养分及其产量的影响

Effects of cotton-peanut rotation on the soil physicochemical properties and the yield of crop

【目的】研究棉花-花生轮作模式下土壤养分及作物产量变化规律,为新疆绿洲农区产业结构调整提供一定的理论依据。【方法】试验为长期定位试验,设棉花-花生、花生-棉花、花生-花生(对照)、棉花-棉花4个处理(对照),于各轮作作物收获后取土样,测定0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量。【结果】棉花-花生轮作下,0~20 cm土壤有效磷含量最高,是棉花连作的2倍左右,且土壤速效钾含量明显高于棉花连作,在0~40 cm土层花生连作的土壤全氮含量最高,棉花-花生轮作的土壤水解氮含量最高;棉花-花生轮作的花生、棉花产量均高于连作棉花、连作花生,且棉花-花生轮作,较花生-花生连作的花生增产16.33%;2017年花生-棉花轮作下,棉花产量较棉花轮作增产8.2%。【结论】棉花-花生轮作模式可以提高连作棉田土壤肥力,提高棉花和花生产量。

【Objective】This project aims to study the changes of soil nutrients and crop yield under cotton-peanut rotation mode in order to provide a theoretical basis for industrial adjustment in oasis agricultural area of Xinjiang.【Methods】The experiment was a long-term positioning experiment.According to the rotation crops,there wee four treatments:cotton-peanut,peanut-cotton,peanut-peanut and cotton-cotton(the last two were the control treatment).Soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm after the harvest of each rotation crop,and soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were determined.【Results】Under the cotton peanut rotation mode,the content of available phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil was the highest,which was about twice that of cotton continuous cropping,and the content of soil available potassium was significantly higher than that of cotton continuous cropping.The content of soil total nitrogen was the highest under the peanut continuous cropping mode in 0-40 cm soil layer,and the content of soil hydrolytic nitrogen was the highest under the cotton peanut cropping mode;In terms of yield,the yield of peanut and cotton under cotton peanut rotation was higher than that of cotton and peanut continuous cropping,and the yield of peanut under cotton peanut planting mode was 16.33%higher than that under peanut planting mode;Under peanut cotton rotation,cotton yield increased by 9%compared with cotton continuous cropping.【Conclusion】Cotton-peanut rotation planting mode can improve soil fertility and crop yield in continuous cropping cotton field in Xinjiang.