采前喷施CaCl_(2)对西梅采后果实软化品质的影响

Effect of preharvest spraying of CaCl_(2) on postharvest fruit softening quality of prunes

【目的】研究采前喷施CaCl_(2)处理对西梅采后果实软化及细胞壁代谢的影响。【方法】以新疆喀什地区伽师县法兰西西梅为试材,采用2%CaCl_(2)在西梅果实膨大期、转色期和采收期进行喷施,将采后的西梅果实置于温度为(4±1)℃、湿度为90%~95%的冷库中贮藏42 d。【结果】采前CaCl_(2)处理抑制了西梅果实呼吸强度和细胞膜渗透率的上升,延迟了呼吸高峰的出现,延缓了原果胶和纤维素含量的下降,抑制了可溶性果胶(Soluble pectin WSP)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(Polygalacturonase PG)、果胶甲酯酶(Pectin methyl esterases PME)、纤维素酶(cellulase Cx)和β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-glucosidaseβ-Glu)活性的上升。CaCl_(2)通过延缓细胞壁组分的降解,推迟了西梅果实的采后软化进程,有效保持了西梅果实采后的硬度。贮藏至28 d时,CaCl_(2)处理西梅果实硬度、纤维素分别提高了11.23%、8.51%,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲酯酶、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性分别降低了4.31%、32.60%、24.60%和64.38%。【结论】CaCl_(2)采前处理是一种提高西梅果实采后品质的保鲜方法。

【Objective】To study the effects of pre-harvest CaCl_(2) spray treatment on post-harvest fruit softening and cell wall metabolism of prunes.【Methods】Using Franciscan prunes from Jiashi County,Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang,as the test material.2%CaCl_(2) was used to spray the fruits during the expansion,colour change and harvesting periods,and the post-harvested prune fruits were placed in cold storage at a temperature of(4±1)℃and a humidity of 90%-95%for 42 d.【Results】The results showed that preharvest CaCl_(2) treatment inhibited the rise in respiratory intensity and cell membrane perm ability of prune fruit,delayed the onset of respiratory peaks,delayed the decline in raw pectin and cellulose content,and inhibited the rise in soluble pectin,polygalacturonase,pectin methyl esterase,cellulase andβ-glucosidase activities.CaCl_(2) put off the post-harvest softening process of prune fruit by delaying the degradation of cell wall components,thus effectively maintaining the postharvest hardness of prune fruit.By 28 day of storage,the hardness of CaCl_(2) treated prune fruit increased by 11.23%,the cellulose content increased by 8.51%and the polygalacturonase,pectin methyl esterase,cellulase andβ-glucosidase activities decreased by 4.31%,32.60%,24.60%and 64.38%,respectively.【Conclusion】Therefore,CaCl_(2) preharvest treatment is a preservation method to improve the post-harvest quality of prune fruit.