萨福克羊主要经济性状的遗传参数估计及非遗传因素分析

Estimation of genetic parameters and analysis of the effects of non-genetic factors on major economic traits in Suffolk sheep

【目的】分析萨福克羊主要经济性状的遗传参数,研究非遗传因素对萨福克羊主要经济性状的影响。【方法】2017~2023年共收集新疆玛纳斯种羊场萨福克羊4156只,并进行个体鉴定记录,利用DMU软件估计主要经济性状遗传参数,并使用SAS软件分析萨福克羊出生类型、出生年份、群别、胎次和母羊年龄等5个固定效应对各性状的影响。【结果】萨福克羊初生重、周岁重、胸围的遗传力分别为0.17、0.27和0.31,属于中等遗传力;日增重遗传力为0.05,属于低遗传力;体高、体长遗传力为0.38和0.41,属于高遗传力。除了胸围与体高、体长之间存在遗传负相关外,其余性状均呈正相关,体高和胸围与日增重存在较强遗传相关和表型相关性,且两者遗传力均较高。单胎的初生重、日增重、周岁重、体长、胸围均显著高于双胎;初生重、日增重处于上升趋势,群1中初生重、日增重、周岁重显著高于群2,群2中体高、体长、胸围显著高于群1;2、3、4胎次的羊初生重、日增重、体高显著高于1、5胎次;母羊年龄在2、3、4岁时初生重显著高于1岁,日增重、周岁重1、2岁显著高于3、4岁,其他性状间无显著差异。【结论】萨福克羊体高、体长属于高遗传力,初生重、周岁重、胸围属于中等遗传力,日增重属于低遗传力,除了胸围与体高、体长之间存在遗传负相关外,其余性状均呈正相关。该场萨福克羊群体2017~2019年早期生长性状呈上升趋势,2胎或3胎母羊繁殖性均达到最佳水平。

【Objective】This project aims to estimate the genetic parameters of the main economic traits of Suffolk sheep and to analyze the effects of non-genetic factors on the main economic traits.traits【Methods】In this experiment,a total of 4,156 individual identification records of Suffolk sheep from 2017-2023 in Xinjiang Manas breeding farm were collected,and the DMU software was used to estimate the genetic parameters of the main economic traits,and the SAS software was used to analyze the effects of five fixed effects,including birth type,year of birth,group,litter size,and age of the ewe on each trait.【Results】The heritability of the main economic traits in Suffolk sheep was 0.17,0.27,0.31 in birth weight,weekly weight and chest circumference,respectively,while the heritability of 0.05 for daily weight gain was low,and the heritability of 0.38 for body height and 0.41 for body length were high,except for the negative correlation of chest circumference with body height and body length,the other traits showed positive correlation and the correlation of body height and chest circumference with daily weight gain was low.There were strong genetic and phenotypic correlations between height and chest circumference and daily weight gain,and the heritability of both was high.The birth weight,daily weight gain,weekly weight,body length and chest circumference of single fetuses were significantly higher than those of twin fetuses;the birth weight and daily weight gain of single fetuses were in an upward trend during the period of birth year;the birth weight,daily weight gain and weekly weight of group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 2,and the body height,length and chest circumference of group 2 were significantly higher than that of group 1;in the number of litters,the birth weight,daily weight gain and body height of litters 2,3 and 4 were significantly higher than those of litters 1 and 5;The age of ewes at 2,3 and 4 years old was significantly higher than that of 1 year old,daily weight gain and weekly weight at 1 and 2 years old were significantly higher than those of 3 and 4 years old,and there was no significant difference among other traits.【Conclusion】Soffolk sheep are tall,the heritability of body length is high,weight at birth,weight at the age of one year,chest circumference belongs to medium heritability.The heritability of daily weight gain was low.There was a negative genetic correlation between chest circumference and body height and body length.The other traits were positively correlated.The soffolk sheep herd 2017-2019 early growth traits showed an upward trend.The fecundity of 2 or 3 ewes reached the best level.