吸附式大气集水技术的探讨、优化与应用突破

Exploration,optimization and breakthrough in application of adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting technology

吸附式大气集水技术利用吸湿材料从空气中吸附水蒸气,通过太阳能驱动解吸,经冷凝收集生产新鲜液态水,已被公认为是干旱地区分散供水的一种有前途的技术。为尽快实现该技术在日常生活、工农业生产等方面的实际应用,进行了大量的探索和实践,并取得了一些突破。该文在简要介绍了吸附式大气集水的吸附、解吸、冷凝收集的技术过程基础上,针对解吸阶段进行了着重探讨;详细总结了吸湿材料的吸湿和解吸机理;基于材料结构和集水器设计,阐明了提高解吸能力和冷凝效果的优化策略;最后,从基础研究和实际应用方面概述太阳能驱动吸附式大气集水技术目前面临的挑战,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

Adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting technology,utilizing hygroscopic materials to adsorb water vapor from the air,achieving water desorption driven by solar energy,and harvesting fresh liquid water through condensation,has been recognized as a promising technology for non-central water supply in arid areas.In order to quickly realize the practical application of this technology in daily life,industrial and agricultural production etc.,numerous explorations and practices have been carried out and breakthroughs have been achieved.In this review,the technical process of adsorption,desorption and condensation collection in adsorption atmospheric water harvesting was briefly introduced,with the desorption stage specifically described.The hygroscopic and desorption mechanisms of moisture-absorbing materials were then summarized in detail.The optimization strategies,based on material structure and collector design,to improve the desorption capacity and condensation effect were further elucidated.Finally,the existing challenges in terms of both basic research and practical application,as well as the future development directions were discussed.