3~6岁学前儿童口腔与喉部轮替运动能力特征研究

The Characteristics of Oral and Laryngeal Diadochokinesis Ability in Preschool Children Aged 3~6 Years Old

目的探究3~6岁学前儿童口腔与喉部轮替运动能力特征以及声带协调运动的发展规律。方法选取61例3~6岁正常学前儿童,测量其最长声时(MPT),以及口腔轮替运动(diadochokinesis ability,DDK)和喉部轮替运动(laryngeal diadochokinesis ability,LDDK)两类声学参数,包括评估三音节/pataka/口腔轮替速率和单音节/a/、/ha/、//、/h/喉部轮替速率。结果3~6岁学前儿童DDK和LDDK速率随年龄增加而增长,有极显著差异(P<0.01);4~5岁时儿童LDDK速率的增长率最大;儿童MPT与DDK和LDDK存在极显著的正相关(P<0.01);所有年龄组儿童LDDK中声带内收能力均大于声带外展能力,/a/LDDK>/ha/LDDK(P<0.01)、//LDDK>/h/LDDK(P<0.05)。结论年龄、MPT以及声带内收外展状态对3~6岁学前儿童口腔与喉部轮替运动能力有显著影响;4~5岁是儿童口腔和喉部轮替运动能力发展的关键时期。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of oral and laryngeal diadochokinesis abilities and the developmental patterns of coordinated vocal fold movements in preschool children aged 3~6 years.Methods Sixty-one normal preschool children aged 3~6 years were selected to measure their maximum phonation time(MPT),as well as two types of acoustic parameters of oral and laryngeal diadochokinesis ability movements,including the assessment of one trisyllabic/pataka/diadochokinesis ability rate and four monosyllabic/a/,/ha/,//,/h/laryngeal diadochokinesis ability rates.Results Diadochokinesis ability(DDK)and laryngeal diadochokinesis ability(LDDK)rates increased with age in preschool children aged 3~6 years,showing highly significant differences(P<0.01).The growth rate of children's LDDK rates at age 4~5 years was the maximum within the 3~6 year age range.Children's MPT was highly significantly and positively correlated with DDK and LDDK(P<0.01).The vocal fold adduction capacity in laryngeal diadochokinesis ability movements in children of all age groups was greater than vocal fold adduction ability/a/LDDK>/ha/LDDK(P<0.01),//LDDK>/h/LDDK(P<0.05).Conclusion Age,MPT,and vocal fold adduction and abduction status had a significant effect on the oral and laryngeal diadochokinesis ability of preschool children aged 3~6 years old.The ages of 4~5 is a critical period for the development of children's oral and laryngeal diadochokinesis ability.