不同年龄功能性语音障碍儿童的辅音语音错误特征研究

The Characteristics of Consonant Phonetic Errors in Children with Speech Sound Disorders at Different Ages

目的研究不同年龄功能性语音障碍儿童(speech sound disorders,SSD)的语音障碍严重程度是否存在区别,并探讨其辅音语音错误特征。方法以2019年7月~2022年11月于中南大学湘雅三医院康复医学科就诊的172例SSD患儿为研究对象,其中4岁97例(男63例,女34例),5岁45例(男36例,女9例),6岁30例(男22例,女8例)。以图片命名法对单词水平进行语音评估,记录辅音的语音错误类型,并计算辅音正确百分比(percentage consonants correct,PCC)和不同构音方式辅音(塞音化、塞擦音化、摩擦音化、鼻音化以及边音化)的错误比例。结果①三组间PCC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②三组间省略错误存在显著差异(Z=6.531,P=0.038<0.05),替代和歪曲错误无明显差异(P>0.05);③三组儿童省略错误中均以边音/l/省略为主;④三组儿童均存在较多的塞音化、塞擦音化和摩擦音化,但三组不同构音方式(塞音化、鼻音化、塞擦音化、摩擦音化和边音化)的辅音错误占比无差异(P>0.05)。结论不同年龄SSD儿童的语音障碍严重程度无明显差别,但省略错误分布存在明显差异,构音方式存在相似的语音错误特征。

Objective To study whether there is a difference in the percentage consonants correct(PCC)of children with functional speech sound disorders(SSD)at different ages,and to explore the distribution in types of consonant errors at different ages.Methods A total of 172 children with ages from 4 to 7 years who were diagnosed with functional speech sound disorders and admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation of the Third Xiangya hospital of Central South University participated in the study.The children were divided into three groups according to their ages:Groups 1 to 3.Groups 1,2,and 3 consisted of 97,45,and 30 children,respectively(Group 1:63 boys and 34 girls,aged 4 to<5 years;Group 2:36 boys and 9 girls,aged 5 to<6 years;and Group 3:36 boys and 9 girls,aged 6 to<7 years).Picture-naming task was used to assess children's phonology.The types of consonant error were recorded and the percentage consonants correct(PCC)and the incidence of consonant errors in different places of articulation(stopping,affrication,frication,nasalization,and lateralization)was calculated.Results①There was no significant difference in the PCC results among the three groups(P>0.05).②There was a significant difference in omission errors(Z=6.531,P=0.038<0.05),but not for substitution and distortion errors among the three groups(P>0.05).③The omission of the lateral/l/was major among the three groups of children.④There were more stopping,affrication and frication in all three groups of children,yet no significant difference in the results of incidence of consonant errors in different places of articulation(stopping,nasalization,affrication,frication and lateralization)among the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion There was no significant difference in the PCC among children with functional speech sound disorders at different ages.There were obvious differences in the distribution of omission errors in different age groups,suggesting idiosyncrasy.Children with SSD demonstrated similar characteristics of consonant phonetic errors at different age stages,included mainly the omission of the lateral/l/and more stopping,affrication and frication.