氮磷钾肥对干旱半干旱区文冠果种子产量及品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Seed Yield and Quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolium in Arid and Semi-arid Area

通过研究氮磷钾肥对干旱半干旱区文冠果种子产量及品质的影响,筛选有利于提高干旱半干旱区文冠果种子产量及品质的最佳配方施肥方案,可以为干旱半干旱区文冠果高效栽培中氮磷钾肥的合理施用提供科学依据。因此,运用“3414”二次回归肥料设计进行氮磷钾配方施肥试验,测定了不同施肥处理文冠果目标树的种子产量及品质(百粒重、优良度、生活力和含水量)。结果表明:处理N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)(施用纯N 110 g/株、P_(2)O_(5)80 g/株、K_(2)O 120 g/株)文冠果种子产量从2021年的1.79 kg/株增加到2023年的2.34 kg/株,增产0.55 kg/株,增产率30.73%;处理N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)(施用纯N 110 g/株、P_(2)O_(5)40 g/株、K_(2)O 80 g/株)文冠果种子产量从2021年的1.97 kg/株增加到2023年的2.56 kg/株,增产0.59 kg/株,增产率29.95%。百粒重最大的是处理N_(2)P_(1)K_(2),为87.67 g;其次是处理N_(2)P_(2)K_(3),百粒重为85.26 g。处理N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)、N_(2)P_(1)K_(1)(施用纯N 110 g/株、P_(2)O_(5)40 g/株、K_(2)O 40 g/株)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)(施用纯N 110 g/株、P_(2)O_(5)80 g/株、K_(2)O 40 g/株)文冠果种子优良度为96%~98%,优于其他处理。处理N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)和处理N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)文冠果种子生活力最高,均为98%,处理N0P0K0(不施肥)文冠果种子生活力仅为86%。处理N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)和处理N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)文冠果种子含水量分别为7.56%和7.94%,相对其他处理更有利于文冠果种子含水量的保持。综合分析,合理的氮、磷、钾配比施肥能够明显提高干旱半干旱区文冠果的种子产量及品质,但是不同配比对各指标的影响不同;在干旱半干旱区,能够提高文冠果种子产量及品质的适宜氮磷钾施肥配方为处理N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)(施用纯N 110 g/株、P_(2)O_(5)40 g/株、K_(2)O 80 g/株)和处理N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)(施用纯N 110 g/株、P_(2)O_(5)80 g/株、K_(2)O 120 g/株)。

By studying the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the seed yield and quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolium in arid and semi-arid areas,the best formula fertilization scheme was selected to improve seed yield and quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolium in arid and semi-arid areas,which could provide scientific basis for the rational application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the high efficiency cultivation of Xanthoceras sorbifolium in arid and semi-arid areas.Therefore,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization experiment was carried out by using the"3414"quadratic regression fertilizer design,and the seed yield and quality(100-grain weight,excellent degree,viability and water content)of the target tree under different fertilization treatments were measured.The results showed that the seed yield of Xanthoceras sorbifolium of treatment N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)(application of pure N 110 g/plant,P_(2)O_(5)80 g/plant,K_(2)O 120 g/plant)increased from 1.79 kg/plant in 2021 to 2.34 kg/plant in 2023,with an increase of 0.55 kg/plant and a yield increase rate of 30.73%.The seed yield of Xanthoceras sorbifolium of treatment N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)(application of pure N 110 g/plant,P_(2)O_(5)40 g/plant,K_(2)O 80 g/plant)increased from 1.97 kg/plant in 2021 to 2.56 kg/plant in 2023,with an increase of 0.59 kg/plant and a yield increase rate of 29.95%.The 100-grain weight of treatment N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)was the largest,reaching 87.67 g;followed by treatment N_(2)P_(2)K_(3),the 100-grain weight was 85.26 g.The seed excellent degree of treatment N_(2)P_(1)K_(2),treatment N_(2)P_(2)K_(3),treatment N_(2)P_(1)K_(1)(application of pure N 110 g/plant,P_(2)O_(5)40 g/plant,K_(2)O 40 g/plant)and treatment N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)(application of pure N 110 g/plant,P_(2)O_(5)80 g/plant,K_(2)O 40 g/plant)was between 96%and 98%,which was better than that of other treatments.The seed viability of Xanthoceras sorbifolium of treatment N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)and treatment N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)was the highest,both reaching 98%.The seed viability of treatment N0P0K0(without fertilization)was the lowest,only 86%.The water content of Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds of treatment N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)and treatment N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)was 7.56%and 7.94%,respectively,which were more conducive to maintaining the water content of Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds compared with other treatments.Comprehensive analysis showed that reasonable ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization could significantly improve the seed yield and quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolium in arid and semi-arid areas.However,different ratios had different effects on each index.In arid and semi-arid areas,treatment N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)(application of pure N 110 g/plant,P_(2)O_(5)40 g/plant,K_(2)O 80 g/plant)and treatment N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)(application of pure N 110 g/plant,P_(2)O_(5)80 g/plant,K_(2)O 120 g/plant)were the optimal nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization formulas that could improve the seed yield and quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolium.